Numbered Discourses 8.74

8. Pairs

Mindfulness of Death (2nd)

At one time the Buddha was staying at Ñātika in the brick house. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus, when mindfulness of death is developed and cultivated it’s very fruitful and beneficial. It culminates in the deathless and ends with the deathless.

And how is mindfulness of death developed and cultivated to be very fruitful and beneficial, to culminate in the deathless and end with the deathless? As day passes by and night draws close, a bhikkhu reflects: ‘I might die of many causes. A snake might bite me, or a scorpion or centipede might sting me. And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress. Or I might stumble off a cliff, or get food poisoning, or suffer a disturbance of bile, phlegm, or piercing winds. Or I might be attacked by humans or non-humans. And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.’ That bhikkhu should reflect: ‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die tonight?’

Suppose that, upon checking, a bhikkhu knows that there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and focused awareness.

Suppose your clothes or head were on fire. In order to extinguish it, you’d apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and focused awareness. In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that bhikkhu should apply intense enthusiasm …

But suppose that, upon checking, a bhikkhu knows that there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that bhikkhu should meditate with (mental) joy and delight, training day and night in skillful qualities.

Or else, as night passes by and day draws close, a bhikkhu reflects: ‘I might die of many causes. A snake might bite me, or a scorpion or centipede might sting me. And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress. Or I might stumble off a cliff, or get food poisoning, or suffer a disturbance of bile, phlegm, or piercing winds. Or I might be attacked by humans or non-humans. And if I died from that it would be an obstacle to my progress.’ That bhikkhu should reflect: ‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die today?’

Suppose that, upon checking, a bhikkhu knows that there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and focused awareness.

Suppose your clothes or head were on fire. In order to extinguish it, you’d apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and focused awareness. In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that bhikkhu should apply intense enthusiasm …

But suppose that, upon checking, a bhikkhu knows that there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that bhikkhu should meditate with (mental) joy and delight, training day and night in skillful qualities. Mindfulness of death, when developed and cultivated in this way, is very fruitful and beneficial. It culminates in the deathless and ends with the deathless.”