Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā

12. Cittekaggatāsabhāgattā jhānānaṃ ‘‘kesañci cittekaggatatthānī’’ti āha. Kusalānaṃ bhavokkamanasabhāgattā ‘‘kesañci bhavokkamanatthānī’’ti. Asabhāgattā sesaṭṭhānesu ‘‘pādakatthānī’’ti avatvā ‘‘pādakānī’’ti āha. Tena pādakabhūtānampi yathāsambhavaṃ cittekaggatā bhavokkamanatāvahataṃ, itaresaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ pādakatāvahatañca dīpeti. Asabhāgattā javanavipassanāpādakāni samānāni abhiññāpādakāni ca honti, abhiññāpādakāni ca vipassanāpādakāni hontītipi dīpeti, tathā pādakābhāvaṃ dīpeti. Abhiññāya hi catutthameva pādakaṃ, na itarāni. Tesu catutthassa tatiyaṃ pādakaṃ, tatiyassa dutiyaṃ, dutiyassa paṭhamanti. Atha vā ‘‘cattāri jhānānī’’ti yathālābhato vuttaṃ.

Vinayanidānanimittaṃ, verañjanivāsakappanaṃ;

Satthu yasmā tasmā bhagavā, vijjattayamāha verañje.

Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘vinaye suppaṭipanno bhikkhu sīlasampattiṃ nissāyā’’tiādi (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā). Sīlavato hi sīlapaccavekkhaṇatthaṃ rattiṭṭhānadivāṭhānesu nisinnassa nisajjanato paṭṭhāya attano atītakiriyānussaraṇabahulatāya pubbenivāsānussativijjā appakasirena samijjhati. Tathā attānaṃ paṭicca sattānaṃ cutipariggahaṇasīlatāya cutūpapātañāṇaṃ appakasirena samijjhati, udakādīsu sukhumatta dassanasīlatāya dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ samijjhati. Yasmā sattavidhamethunasaṃyogaparivajjanena, kāmāsavādiparivajjanena vā brahmacariyaṃ akhaṇḍādibhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti, tasmāssa āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ appakasirena samijjhatīti ettha vinayanidāne vijjattayameva dassitaṃ, tasmā āha ‘‘yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi, tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento’’ti, aññathā vijjattayapaṭilābhamattappasaṅgo siyāti.

So evanti iminā kiñcāpi catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāpi saṅgahaṃ gacchati, na kevalaṃ purimajjhānattikameva, tathāpi kevalaṃ purimajjhānattikameva gaṇhanto ‘‘evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ, iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti āha, taṃ kasmāti ce? Sambhārabhūmittā. Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (visuddhi. 2.381) ‘‘ettha ca purimāni tīṇi jhānāni yasmā pītipharaṇena ca sukhapharaṇena ca sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā lahumudukammaññakāyo hutvā iddhiṃ pāpuṇāti, tasmā iminā pariyāyena iddhilābhāya saṃvattanato sambhārabhūmiyoti veditabbāni. Catutthajjhānaṃ pana iddhilābhāya pakatibhūmi evā’’ti. Idameva vā atthaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘pubbe imāni cattāri jhānāni kesañci abhiññāpādakānī’’ti. Yadi evaṃ catutthajjhānampi antokatvā evanti kimatthaṃ na vuttaṃ. Tañhi pakatibhūmīti ce? Na vattabbaṃ, catutthajjhānato parassa samāhitādibhāvappattassa cittassa atthibhāvappasaṅgato. Yasmā yasmiṃ sati ‘‘pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesi’’nti vuttaṃ, tasmā tasmiṃ catutthajjhānacitte pakatibhūmibhāvappatte abhiññāpādake jāte parikammacittaṃ ‘‘pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya abhininnāmesi’’nti āha. Abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hotīti ettha taṃ iddhividhādhigamatthāya parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati. Kasiṇārammaṇato apanetvā iddhividhābhimukhaṃ pesesi. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘abhiññāpādakajjhānato iddhividhañāṇādīnaṃ nīharaṇattha’’nti vuttattā abhinīhārakkhamanti attho pakappito.

So evaṃ samāhite evaṃ āneñjappatteti yojanā veditabbā dutiyavikappe, nīvaraṇadūrībhāvena vitakkādisamatikkamenāti paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ kiccasaṅgaṇhanato. Ayaṃ yojanā paṭhamavikappe na sambhavati ‘‘parisuddhetiādīsu panā’’ti vacanena ‘‘eva’’nti padassa anuppabandhanivāraṇato. Teneva ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe’’tiādimāha. Icchāvacarānanti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ āpattiñceva āpanno assaṃ, na ca maṃ bhikkhū jāneyyu’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 1.60) nayena uppannaicchāvasena pavattānaṃ kopaapaccayānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇeti attho. Ettha ca pana yathāvuttappakārā icchāpi paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamāya antarāyikā ‘‘sampajānamusāvādo kho panāyasmanto antarāyiko dhammo’’ti (mahāva. 134) vuttattā, pageva icchāvacarā kopaapaccayā, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkānaṃ pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarāna’’ntiādi. Katthaci pana ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ icchāvacarāna’’nti potthakesu pāṭho dissati, so pamādalekho, gaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘aho vata satthā mamaññeva paṭipucchitvā dhammaṃ deseyyā’’ti yo tadattho likhito, so dullikhito. Na hi jhānapaṭilābhapaccayā kopādayo anaṅgaṇasutte (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) vuttā, ‘‘na ca yuttito sambhavanti jhānalābhino tadabhāvā’’ti ācariyo vadati, taṃ vīmaṃsitabbaṃ. Ettha vijjattayassa uttaruttaravisesadassanatthaṃ ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādinā punappunaṃ aṭṭhaṅganidassanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Uttaruttaravisesā cebhāsaṃ attadukkhaparadukkhadassanatadupasamattadīpanato veditabbā. Bhagavā hi pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena attano anantasaṃsāradukkhaṃ passitvā, cutūpapātañāṇena parassa ca lokassa āsavakkhayañāṇena tadubhayavūpasamattañca passitvā taṃ deseti, paṭhamena vā attadukkhadassanato attasinehapariccāgaṃ dīpeti. Dutiyena paradukkhadassanato paresu kopapariccāgaṃ, tatiyena ariyamaggadassanato mohapariccāgañca dīpeti. Evaṃ nānāguṇavisesadīpanato imasseva lokiyābhiññādvayassa idha gahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.

Yasmā atītajāti eva nivāso, tasmā ‘‘atītajātīsū’’ti na vattabbanti ce? Na, jātiyā ekadesepi nivāsavohārasiddhidassanato. Pāḷiyaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo’’tiādivacanena sakalajātiyā anussaraṇameva pubbenivāsānussati viya dissati, na evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tadekadesānussaraṇampi pubbenivāsānussati evāti dassanatthaṃ, bhummavacanaṃ kataṃ okāsādisaṅgahatthañca. ‘‘Chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsū’’ti ādi-saddena anivutthalokadhātudīparaṭṭhanagaragāmādiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘tesaṃ chinnavaṭumakānaṃ lokuttarasīlādīni na bhagavatā bodhisattakāle viññātānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Atthāpattito lokiyāni viññātānīti āpajjati, taṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇādhikāre ‘‘ariyānaṃ upavādakā’’ti vacanena samentaṃ viya dissati. Na hi ariye apassantassa evaṃ hoti. Kimatthaṃ panettha anussati vuttā, nanu esa vijjādhikāroti ce? Ādikammikassa sativasena nibbattito, atītadhammānaṃ satiyā visesādhikārattā ca. Vuttañhi ‘‘anussarāmī’’ti.

‘‘Vattamānesu vijjāna-matītesvassa sarati;

Anāgatesu dhammesu, sarati vijjāna paṇidhī’’ti.

Ācariyakumāritena silokopi vutto.

Tattha rāge ussannatare tejosaṃvaṭṭo. Dose āposaṃvaṭṭo. Mohe vāyosaṃvaṭṭo. Keci ‘‘dose tejosaṃvaṭṭo, rāge āposaṃvaṭṭo, mohe vāyosaṃvaṭṭo’’ti vadanti. Yasmā amutrāti cittaṃ, vacanaṃ vā bhavādiniyamena hoti, tasmā ‘‘bhave vā’’tiādi. Evaṃnāmo evaṃgottoti padadvayena ajjhattabahiddhāmūlakaṃ paññattisaṅkhātaṃ gocaranivāsaṃ dīpeti. Pavattaphalabhojano sayaṃpatitaphalāhāro. Caturāsītikappasahassaparamāyupariyanto vāti paṇidhānato pubbe. Paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ na hoti. ‘‘Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇalābhīnaṃ panetaṃ ānubhāvaparidīpana’’nti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Amutrāti ettha paṭhamayojanāyaṃ sīhokkantavasena anussaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, tañca kho anulomavasena. ‘‘Paṭilomavasenā’’tipi likhanti, taṃ duviññeyyaṃ. Sīhokkantaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘anekāsu kappakoṭīsū’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā tanti nidassanena paṭipattisādhāraṇena phalasādhāraṇataṃ dassento brāhmaṇassa ādaraṃ janeti, attānamevekaṃ ukkaṃsetīti vacanaṃ nivāreti. ‘‘Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti tassa pubbe uppannacitte eva niyojeti. Paṭhamā abhinibbhidāti vacanena avijjaṇḍakosassa bahupaṭalabhāvaṃ dasseti, tena aṭṭhaguṇissariyādinā anabhinibbhidaṃ dīpeti.

Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.