8. Kalyāṇamittasuttavaṇṇanā

129. Sīlādiguṇasamannāgato kalyāṇo bhaddako mitto etassāti kalyāṇamitto, tassa dhammo kalyāṇamittasseva svākhāto nāma hoti sutvā kattabbakiccassa sādhanato. Tenāha ‘‘atthaṃ pūretī’’ti. Itarassāti pāpamittassa. Tenāti atthapūraṇena. Etanti ‘‘so ca kho kalyāṇamittassā’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ. Desanādhammoti pariyattidhammo. So hi kalyāṇamittato paccakkhato laddhabbo, itare tadupanissayā paccattapurisakārehi, tena laddhabbo kalyāṇamittoti evamattho gahetabbo. Sāvakabodhisattavasena hesā desanā āgatā. Na hi sesabodhisattānaṃ paropadesena payojanaṃ atthi.

Upaḍḍhaṃ kalyāṇamittatoti brahmacariyaṃ carantassa upaḍḍhaguṇo kalyāṇamittato laddhabbo. Upaḍḍhaṃ paccattapurisakāratoti itaraṃ upaḍḍhaṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭipajjantassa attano purisakārato. Lokepi pākaṭoyamattho ‘‘ācariyato upaḍḍhaṃ, paccattapurisakārato upaḍḍhaṃ laddhabbā tevijjatā’’ti, tasmā thero tathā cintesi. Nippadesanti anavasesato. Tatoti kalyāṇamittato. Upaḍḍhaṃ āgacchatīti upaḍḍhaguṇo paṭipajjantaṃ upagacchati. Bahūhi purisehi. Vinibbhogo vivecanaṃ natthi ekajjhaṃ atthassa vivecetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā. Esāti paratoghosapaccattapurisakārato ca sijjhamāno attho. Ettakanti ettako bhāgo. Yadi na sakkā laddhuṃ, atha kasmā upaḍḍhanti vuttanti āha ‘‘kalyāṇamittatāyā’’tiādi. Sammādiṭṭhiādīsu na sakkā laddhuṃ. Asakkuṇeyye sakalampi na sambhavati paratoghosamattena tesaṃ asijjhanato, padhānahetubhāvadīpanatthaṃ pana ‘‘sakalamevā’’ti vuttaṃ. Pubbabhāgapaṭilābhaṅganti pubbabhāge paṭiladdhabbakāraṇaṃ kalyāṇamittassa upadesena vinā tena uttari visesato aladdhabbato. Atthatoti paramatthato. ‘‘Kalyāṇamittaṃ…pe… cattāro khandhā’’ti vatvā sutvāti attho. Te pana sīlādayo saṅkhārakkhandhapariyāpannāti āha ‘‘saṅkhārakkhandhotipi vadantiyevā’’ti.

Māhevanti mā aha evanti chedo, ahāti nipātamattaṃ, māti paṭisedhe nipāto. Tenāha ‘‘mā evaṃ abhaṇī’’ti. ‘‘Māhevaṃ ānandā’’ti vadato bhagavato imasmiṃ ṭhāne tādisassa nāma te, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaguṇe sevato vattuṃ yuttaṃ ayāthāvatoti dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa yathābhūtaguṇakittanamukhena paṭikkhepo yuttoti dassento ‘‘bahussuto’’tiādimāha. Idanti idaṃ vacanaṃ bhagavā āhāti sambandho. Sakalameva hīti ettha hi-saddo hetuattho. Tena ‘‘māheva’’nti tassa paṭikkhepassa kāraṇaṃ jotitaṃ, na sarūpato vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kalyāṇamittasseta’’ntiādinā pana taṃ sarūpato dassitanti āha ‘‘idāni…pe… ādimāhā’’ti. Pāṭikaṅkhitabbanti icchanaṭṭhena pāṭikaṅkhitabbaṃ, na paṭikaṅkhānimittenāti āha ‘‘avassaṃbhāvīti attho’’ti.

Idhāti antogadhāvadhāraṇapadaṃ, idhevāti attho. Imasmiṃyeva hi sāsane ariyamaggabhāvanā, na aññattha. Ādipadānaṃyevāti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ vākye ādito eva vuttasammādiṭṭhiādipadānaṃyeva. Sammādassanalakkhaṇāti catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ pariññābhisamayādivasena sammadeva dassanasabhāvā. Sammāabhiropanalakkhaṇoti nibbānasaṅkhāte ārammaṇe sampayuttadhamme sammadeva āropanasabhāvo. Sammāpariggahaṇalakkhaṇāti musāvādādīnaṃ visaṃvādanādikiccatāya lūkhānaṃ apariggāhakānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvato pariggāhakasabhāvā sammāvācā siniddhabhāvena sampayuttadhamme sammāvācāpaccayaṃ subhāsitasotārañca puggalaṃ pariggaṇhātīti sammāpariggahaṇalakkhaṇā. Yathā kāyikakiriyā kiñci kattabbaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, sayañca samuṭṭhahanaṃ ghaṭanaṃ hoti, tathā sammākammanta saṅkhātā viratipīti samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇā daṭṭhabbā, sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā ukkhipanaṃ samuṭṭhāpanaṃ kāyikakiriyāya bhārukkhipanaṃ viya. Jīvamānassa sattassa, sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā, jīvitappavattiyā ājīvasseva vā suddhi vodānaṃ. Yathā uppannuppannānaṃ vajjānaṃ dhammena pahānānuppādaatthalābhādiparivuḍḍhi hoti, evaṃ sampayuttānaṃ paggahaṇasabhāvoti sammāpaggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo. Kāyavedanācittadhammesu subhasukhaniccaattagāhānañca vidhamanavasena sammāpatiṭṭhānasabhāvāti sammāupaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati. Sampayuttadhammānaṃ sammā samādahanaṃ ekaggatākaraṇaṃ sabhāvo etassāti sammāsamādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi. Tīṇi kiccāni honti paṭipakkhadhammesu , ārammaṇadhammesu, sampayuttadhammesu ca ekasmiṃyeva khaṇe pavattivisesabhūtāni. Idāni tāni sarūpato dassetuṃ ‘‘seyyathida’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Saddhinti iminā ‘‘aññehī’’ti vuttakilesā micchādiṭṭhiyā saha ekaṭṭhā vā anekaṭṭhā vāti dasseti. Pajahati pahāya naṃ paṭivijjhati. Nirodhanti nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati.

Na kevalaṃ maggadhammā vuttanayeneva, atha kho aparenapi nayena veditabbāti dassento ‘‘apicā’’tiādimāha. Nānākhaṇā punappunaṃ uppajjanato. Nānārammaṇā aniccānupassanādibhāvato. Ekakkhaṇā sakideva uppajjanato. Ekārammaṇā nibbānavisayattā. Cattāri nāmāni labhati pariññābhisamayādivasena pavattiyā. Tīṇi nāmāni labhati kāmasaṅkappādīnaṃ pahānavasena pavattiyā. Paṭipakkhapahānavasena hissa nāmattayalābho. Esa nayo sesesupi. Viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi pubbabhāgepi vikkhambhanavasena pavattanato. Maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyova paṭipakkhasamucchindanassa maggakiccattā. Na hi cetanā maggasabhāvā. Sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasenāti catubbidhasammappadhānacatubbidhasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati anuppannākusalānuppādanādīnaṃ kusalānañca vaḍḍhanato. Pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepīti yathā pubbabhāge paṭhamajjhānādivasena nānā. Evaṃ maggakkhaṇepi. Na hi ekopi ca maggasamādhi paṭhamajjhānasamādhiādināmāni labhati sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ viya kiccavasena bhedābhāvato. Tenāha ‘‘maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyevā’’ti.

Ñatvā ñātabbāti sambandho. Vuddhi nāma vepullaṃ bhiyyobhāvo punappunaṃ uppādo evāti āha ‘‘punappunaṃ janetī’’ti. Abhinibbattetīti abhivaḍḍhaṃ pāpento nibbatteti. Vivittatāti vivittabhāvo. So hi vivecanīyato viviccati, yaṃ viviccitvā ṭhitaṃ, tadubhayampi idha vivittabhāvasāmaññena ‘‘vivittatā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tesu purimo vivecanīyato viviccamānatāya viviccanakiriyāya samaṅgī dhammasamūho tāya eva viviccanakiriyāya vasena vivekoti gahito. Itaro sabbaso tato vivittasabhāvatāya. Tattha yasmiṃ dhammapuñje sammādiṭṭhi pavattati, taṃ yathāvuttāya viviccamānatāya vivekasaṅkhātaṃ nissāyeva pavattati, itaraṃ pana taṃninnatātaṃārammaṇatāhīti vuttaṃ ‘‘vivekaṃ nissitaṃ, viveke vā nissita’’nti.

Yathā vā vivekavasena pavattaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘vivekaja’’nti vuttaṃ, evaṃ vivekavasena pavattā sammādiṭṭhi ‘‘vivekanissitā’’ti daṭṭhabbā. Nissayo ca vipassanāmaggānaṃ vasena maggaphalānaṃ veditabbo. Asatipi tāsaṃ pubbāparabhāve ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādo’’ti ettha paccayānaṃ samuppādanaṃ viya abhinnadhammādhārā nissayabhāvanā sambhavanti. Tassa tadaṅga-samucchedanissaraṇavivekanissitataṃ vatvā paṭippassaddhivivekanissitatāya avacanaṃ ariyamaggabhāvanāya vuccamānattā. Bhāvitamaggassa hi ye sacchikātabbā dhammā. Tesaṃ kiccaṃ paṭippassaddhiviveko. Ajjhāsayatoti ‘‘nibbānaṃ sacchikarissāmī’’ti mahantaajjhāsayato. Yadipi hi vipassanākkhaṇe saṅkhārārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ, saṅkhāresu pana ādīnavaṃ suṭṭhu, disvā tappaṭipakkhe nibbāne ninnatāya ajjhāsayato nissaraṇavivekanissito hoti, uṇhābhibhūtassa puggalassa sītaninnacittatā viya. Keci pana ‘‘yathā sabhāvato, yathā ajjhāsayato nissaraṇavivekanissitatā, evaṃ paṭippassaddhivivekanissitatāpi siyā’’ti vadanti. Yadaggena hi nibbānaninnatā siyā, tadaggena phalaninnatāpi siyā ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya’’nti ajjhāsayasampattiyā bhāvato. Yasmā pahānavinayo viya rāganirodhopi idhādhippetavivekena atthato nibbisiṭṭho, tasmā vuttaṃ esa nayo virāganissitādīsūti. Tenāha ‘‘vivekatthā eva hi virāgādayo’’ti.

Vossaggasaddo pariccāgattho pakkhandanattho cāti vossaggassa duvidhatā vuttā. Vossajjanañhi pahānaṃ, vissaṭṭhabhāvena nirāsaṅkapavatti ca, tasmā vipassanākkhaṇe tadaṅgavasena, maggakkhaṇe samucchedavasena paṭipakkhassa pahānaṃ vossaggo, tathā vipassanākkhaṇe taṃninnabhāvena, maggakkhaṇe ārammaṇakaraṇena vissaṭṭhasabhāvatā vossaggoti veditabbaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘tattha pariccāgavossaggo’’tiādi. Ayaṃ sammādiṭṭhīti ayaṃ missakavasena vuttā sammādiṭṭhi. Yathāvuttena pakārenāti tadaṅgappahānasamucchedappahānapakārena taṃninnatadārammaṇakaraṇappakārena ca.

Pubbe vossaggavacanasseva atthassa vuttattā āha ‘‘sakalena vacanenā’’ti. Pariṇamantaṃ vipassanākkhaṇe, pariṇataṃ maggakkhaṇe. Pariṇāmo nāma idha paripākoti āha ‘‘paripaccantaṃ paripakkañcā’’ti. Paripāko ca āsevanalābhena laddhasāmatthiyassa kilese pariccajituṃ nibbānaṃ pakkhandituṃ tikkhavisadabhāvo. Tenāha ‘‘aya’’ntiādi. Esa nayoti yvāyaṃ nayo ‘‘vivekanissita’’ntiādinā sammādiṭṭhiyaṃ vutto, sesesu sammāsaṅkappādīsupi eseva nayo, evaṃ tattha netabbanti attho. Paṭiccāti nissāya. Jātisabhāvāti jāyanasabhāvā. Sakaloti anavaseso, sabboti attho. Na koci maggo sāvaseso hutvā sambhavati. Heṭṭhime magge uppanne uparimo uppanno eva nāma anantarāyena uppajjanato. Vavassaggattheti vacasāyatthe. Vaṇṇayantīti guṇavaṇṇanavasena vitthārenti.

Kalyāṇamittasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.