[179] 9. Satadhammajātakavaṇṇanā

Tañcaappanti idaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto ekavīsatividhaṃ anesanaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Ekasmiñhi kāle bahū bhikkhū vejjakammena dūtakammena pahiṇakammena jaṅghapesanikena piṇḍapaṭipiṇḍenāti evarūpāya ekavīsatividhāya anesanāya jīvikaṃ kappesuṃ. Sā sāketajātake (jā. 1.2.173-174) āvibhavissati. Satthā tesaṃ tathā jīvikakappanabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘etarahi kho bahū bhikkhū anesanāya jīvikaṃ kappenti, te pana evaṃ jīvikaṃ kappetvā yakkhattabhāvā petattabhāvā na muccissanti, dhuragoṇā hutvāva nibbattissanti, niraye paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhissanti, etesaṃ hitatthāya sukhatthāya attajjhāsayaṃ sakapaṭibhānaṃ ekaṃ dhammadesanaṃ kathetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, ekavīsatividhāya anesanāya paccayā uppādetabbā. Anesanāya hi uppanno piṇḍapāto ādittalohaguḷasadiso halāhalavisūpamo. Anesanā hi nāmesā buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakehi garahitabbā paṭikuṭṭhā. Anesanāya uppannaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjantassa hi hāso vā somanassaṃ vā natthi. Evaṃ uppanno hi piṇḍapāto mama sāsane caṇḍālassa ucchiṭṭhabhojanasadiso, tassa paribhogo satadhammamāṇavassa caṇḍālucchiṭṭhabhattaparibhogo viya hotī’’ti vatvā atītaṃ āhari.

Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatte rajjaṃ kārente bodhisatto caṇḍālayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā vayappatto kenacideva karaṇīyena pātheyyataṇḍule ca bhattapuṭañca gahetvā maggaṃ paṭipajji. Tasmiñhi kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ eko māṇavo atthi satadhammo nāma udiccabrāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto. Sopi kenacideva karaṇīyena taṇḍule ca bhattapuṭañca agahetvāva maggaṃ paṭipajji, te ubhopi mahāmagge samāgacchiṃsu. Māṇavo bodhisattaṃ ‘‘kiṃjātikosī’’ti pucchi. So ‘‘ahaṃ caṇḍālo’’ti vatvā ‘‘tvaṃ kiṃjātikosī’’ti māṇavaṃ pucchi . ‘‘Udiccabrāhmaṇo aha’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu gacchāmā’’ti te ubhopi maggaṃ agamaṃsu. Bodhisatto pātarāsavelāya udakaphāsukaṭṭhāne nisīditvā hatthe dhovitvā bhattapuṭaṃ mocetvā ‘‘māṇava, bhattaṃ bhuñjāhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Natthi, are caṇḍāla, mama bhattena attho’’ti. Bodhisatto ‘‘sādhū’’ti puṭakabhattaṃ ucchiṭṭhaṃ akatvāva attano yāpanamattaṃ aññasmiṃ paṇṇe pakkhipitvā puṭakabhattaṃ bandhitvā ekamante ṭhapetvā bhuñjitvā pānīyaṃ pivitvā dhotahatthapādo taṇḍule ca sesabhattañca ādāya ‘‘gacchāma, māṇavā’’ti maggaṃ paṭipajji.

Te sakaladivasaṃ gantvā sāyaṃ ubhopi ekasmiṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhāne nhatvā paccuttariṃsu. Bodhisatto phāsukaṭṭhāne nisīditvā bhattapuṭaṃ mocetvā māṇavaṃ anāpucchitvā bhuñjituṃ ārabhi. Māṇavo sakaladivasaṃ maggagamanena kilanto chātajjhatto ‘‘sace me bhattaṃ dassati, bhuñjissāmī’’ti olokento aṭṭhāsi. Itaro kiñci avatvā bhuñjateva. Māṇavo cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ caṇḍālo mayhaṃ avatvāva sabbaṃ bhuñjati nippīḷetvāpi taṃ gahetvā upari ucchiṭṭhabhattaṃ chaḍḍetvā sesaṃ bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So tathā katvā ucchiṭṭhabhattaṃ bhuñji. Athassa bhuttamattasseva ‘‘mayā attano jātigottakulapadesānaṃ ananucchavikaṃ kataṃ, caṇḍālassa nāma me ucchiṭṭhabhattaṃ bhutta’’nti balavavippaṭisāro uppajji, tāvadevassa salohitaṃ bhattaṃ mukhato uggacchi. So ‘‘appamattakassa vata me kāraṇā ananucchavikaṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti uppannabalavasokatāya paridevamāno paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha –

57.

‘‘Tañca appañca ucchiṭṭhaṃ, tañca kicchena no adā;

Sohaṃ brāhmaṇajātiko, yaṃ bhuttaṃ tampi uggata’’nti.

Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yaṃ mayā bhuttaṃ, taṃ appañca ucchiṭṭhañca, tañca so caṇḍālo na attano ruciyā maṃ adāsi, atha kho nippīḷiyamāno kicchena kasirena adāsi, sohaṃ parisuddhabrāhmaṇajātiko, teneva me yaṃ bhuttaṃ, tampi saddhiṃ lohitena uggatanti.

Evaṃ māṇavo paridevitvā ‘‘kiṃ dāni me evarūpaṃ ananucchavikaṃ kammaṃ katvā jīvitenā’’ti araññaṃ pavisitvā kassaci attānaṃ adassetvāva anāthamaraṇaṃ patto.

Satthā imaṃ atītaṃ dassetvā ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, satadhammamāṇavassa taṃ caṇḍālucchiṭṭhakaṃ bhuñjitvā attano ayuttabhojanassa bhuttattā neva hāso, na somanassaṃ uppajji, evameva yo imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajito anesanāya jīvikaṃ kappento tathāladdhapaccayaṃ paribhuñjati, tassa buddhapaṭikuṭṭhagarahitajīvitabhāvato neva hāso, na somanassaṃ uppajjatī’’ti vatvā abhisambuddho hutvā dutiyaṃ gāthamāha –

58.

‘‘Evaṃ dhammaṃ niraṃkatvā, yo adhammena jīvati;

Satadhammova lābhena, laddhenapi na nandatī’’ti.

Tattha dhammanti ājīvapārisuddhisīladhammaṃ. Niraṃkatvāti nīharitvā chaḍḍetvā. Adhammenāti ekavīsatiyā anesanasaṅkhātena micchājīvena. Satadhammoti tassa nāmaṃ, ‘‘santadhammo’’tipi pāṭho. Na nandatīti yathā satadhammo māṇavo ‘‘caṇḍālucchiṭṭhakaṃ me laddha’’nti tena lābhena na nandati, evaṃ imasmimpi sāsane pabbajito kulaputto anesanāya laddhalābhaṃ paribhuñjanto na nandati na tussati, ‘‘buddhagarahitajīvikāya jīvāmī’’ti domanassappatto hoti. Tasmā anesanāya jīvikaṃ kappentassa satadhammamāṇavasseva araññaṃ pavisitvā anāthamaraṇaṃ marituṃ varanti.

Evaṃ satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ desetvā saccāni pakāsetvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi, saccapariyosāne bahū bhikkhū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsu. ‘‘Tadā māṇavo ānando ahosi, ahameva caṇḍālaputto ahosi’’nti.

Satadhammajātakavaṇṇanā navamā.