9. Nandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ayoniso manasikārāti āyasmato nandattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavato santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca pūjāsakkārabahulaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā, ‘‘ahampi anāgate tumhādisassa buddhassa evarūpo sāvako bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesu saṃsaranto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vinatāya nāma nadiyā mahanto kacchapo hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nadiyā pāraṃ gantuṃ tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā sayaṃ bhagavantaṃ tāretukāmo satthu pādamūle nipajji . Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. So haṭṭhatuṭṭho vegena sotaṃ chindanto sīghataraṃ paratīrameva pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa anumodanaṃ vadanto bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ kathetvā pakkāmi.

So tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ suddhodanamahārājassa putto hutvā mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā kucchimhi nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ñātisaṅghaṃ nandento jātoti nandotveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Tassa vayappattakāle satthā pavattavaradhammacakko lokānuggahaṃ karonto kapilavatthuṃ gantvā ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā vessantarajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1655 ādayo) kathetvā dutiyadivase piṇḍāya paviṭṭho ‘‘uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyyā’’ti (dha. pa. 168) gāthāya pitaraṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā nivesanaṃ gantvā ‘‘dhammaṃ care sucarita’’nti (dha. pa. 169) gāthāya mahāpajāpatiṃ sotāpattiphale rājānaṃ sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā tatiye divase nandakumārassa abhisekanivesanappavesanavivāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu piṇḍāya pavisitvā nandakumārassa hatthe pattaṃ datvā maṅgalaṃ vatvā tassa hatthato pattaṃ agahetvāva vihāraṃ gato taṃ pattahatthaṃ vihāraṃ āgataṃ anicchamānaṃyeva pabbājetvā tathā pabbajitattāyeva anabhiratiyā pīḷitaṃ ñatvā upāyena tassa taṃ anabhiratiṃ vinodesi. So yoniso paṭisaṅkhāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.49.148-163) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;

Vinatānadiyā tīraṃ, upāgacchi tathāgato.

‘‘Udakā abhinikkhamma, kacchapo vārigocaro;

Buddhaṃ tāretukāmohaṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Abhirūhatu maṃ buddho, atthadassī mahāmuni;

Ahaṃ taṃ tārayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Abhirūhitvā me piṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhāsi lokanāyako.

‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi viññutaṃ;

Sukhaṃ me tādisaṃ natthi, phuṭṭhe pādatale yathā.

‘‘Uttaritvāna sambuddho, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Naditīramhi ṭhatvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yāvatā vattate cittaṃ, gaṅgāsotaṃ tarāmahaṃ;

Ayañca kacchapo rājā, tāresi mama paññavā.

‘‘Iminā buddhataraṇena, mettacittavatāya ca;

Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati.

‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, sukkamūlena codito;

Ekāsane nisīditvā, kaṅkhāsotaṃ tarissati.

‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;

Sammādhāraṃ pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.

‘‘Tathevidaṃ buddhakhettaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;

Sammādhāraṃ pavecchante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.

‘‘Padhānapahitattomhi, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto ‘‘aho satthu upāyakosallaṃ, yenāhaṃ bhavapaṅkato uddharitvā nibbānathale patiṭṭhāpito’’ti attano pahīnasaṃkilesaṃ paṭiladdhañca sukhaṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso udānavasena –

157.

‘‘Ayoniso manasikārā, maṇḍanaṃ anuyuñjisaṃ;

Uddhato capalo cāsiṃ, kāmarāgena aṭṭito.

158.

‘‘Upāyakusalenāhaṃ, buddhenādiccabandhunā;

Yoniso paṭipajjitvā, bhave cittaṃ udabbahi’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ayoniso manasikārāti anupāyamanasikārato asubhaṃ kāyaṃ subhato manasi karitvā subhato manasikārahetu, asubhaṃ kāyaṃ subhasaññāyāti attho. Maṇḍananti hatthūpagādiābharaṇehi ceva mālāgandhādīhi ca attabhāvassa alaṅkaraṇaṃ. Anuyuñjisanti anuyuñjiṃ, sarīrassa vibhūsanappasuto ahosinti attho. Uddhatoti jātigottarūpayobbanamadādīhi uddhato avūpasantacitto. Capaloti vanamakkaṭo viya anavaṭṭhitacittatāya lolo, kāyamaṇḍanavatthamaṇḍanādicāpalye yuttatāya vā capalo ca. Āsinti ahosiṃ. Kāmarāgenāti vatthukāmesu chandarāgena aṭṭito pīḷito vibādhito āsinti yojanā.

Upāyakusalenāti vineyyānaṃ damanūpāyacchekena kovidena buddhena bhagavatā hetubhūtena. Hetuatthe hi etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. Paluṭṭhamakkaṭīdevaccharādassanena hi upakkitavādacodanāya attano kāmarāgāpanayanaṃ sandhāya vadati. Bhagavā hi āyasmantaṃ nandattheraṃ paṭhamaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ upādāya ‘‘yathāyaṃ makkaṭī, evaṃ kakuṭapādiniyo upādāya janapadakalyāṇī’’ti mahatiyā āṇiyā khuddakaṃ āṇiṃ nīharanto chaḍḍako viya, sinehapānena sarīraṃ kiledetvā vamanavirecanehi dosaṃ nīharanto bhisakko viya ca kakuṭapādinidassanena janapadakalyāṇiyaṃ virattacittaṃ kāretvā puna upakkitavādena kakuṭapādinīsupi cittaṃ virājetvā sammadeva samathavipassanānuyogena ariyamagge patiṭṭhāpesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yoniso paṭipajjitvā, bhave cittaṃ udabbahi’’nti. Upāyena ñāyena sammadeva samathavipassanāya visuddhipaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjitvā bhave saṃsārapaṅke nimuggañca me cittaṃ ariyamaggena hatthena uttāriṃ, nibbānathale patiṭṭhāpesinti attho.

Imaṃ udānaṃ udānetvā thero punadivase bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘yaṃ me, bhante, bhagavā pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādānaṃ, muñcāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ etasmā paṭissavā’’ti (udā. 22). Bhagavāpi, ‘‘yadeva kho te, nanda, anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, athāhaṃ mutto etasmā paṭissavā’’ti (udā. 22) āha. Athassa bhagavā savisesaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ ñatvā taṃ guṇaṃ vibhāvento, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ yadidaṃ nando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 230) indriyesu guttadvārabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Thero hi ‘‘yamevāhaṃ indriyānaṃ asaṃvaraṃ nissāya imaṃ vippakāraṃ patto, tamevāhaṃ suṭṭhu niggahessāmī’’ti ussāhajāto balavahirottappo tattha ca katādhikārattā indriyasaṃvare ukkaṃsapāramiṃ agamāsīti.

Nandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.