Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Khuddakanikāye

Nettippakaraṇa-ṭīkā

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.1 ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.1 ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā) ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ. Atha vā maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi sammācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā. Atha vā ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ pūjanīyapūjāpuññavisesanibbattanatthaṃ, taṃ attano yathāladdhasampattinimittassa kammassa balānuppadānatthaṃ, antarā ca tassa asaṅkocanatthaṃ, tadubhayaṃ anantarāyena aṭṭhakathāya parisamāpanatthaṃ. Idameva ca payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘vandanājanitaṃ…pe… tassa tejasā’’ti. Vatthuttayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasambuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Yathāha –

‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadi va sāvake’’ti. (dha. pa. 195; apa. thera 1.10.1) ca,

Tathā –

‘‘Ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā, agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hotī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ca,

Tathā –

‘‘‘Buddho’ti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;

Varameva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenapi jambudīpassa;

‘‘‘Dhammo’ti…pe… ‘saṅgho’ti…pe… dīpassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.6; itivu. aṭṭha 90; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.1; a. ni. ṭī. 2.4.34) ca,

Tathā –

‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11) ca,

Tathā –

‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā…pe…;

Bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā, lomahaṃso na hessatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.249) ca;

Tattha yassa ratanattayassa vandanaṃ kattukāmo, tassa guṇātisayayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘mahākāruṇika’’ntiādinā gāthāttayamāha. Guṇātisayayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetappayojanaṃ sādhetīti. Tattha yassā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā netti visesato yathānulomasāsanasannissayā, tassa ca vicittākārappavattivibhāvinī. Tathā hi suttantadesanā na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā, atha kho karuṇāpaññāppadhānāti tadubhayappadhānadesanāvisesavibhāvanaṃ tāva sammāsambuddhassa thomanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘mahākāruṇikaṃ nātha’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.

Tattha kiratīti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.1; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.1; a. ni. ṭī. 1.1.1) karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādhatīti attho . Kampanaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā, paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti attho. Kamiti vā sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā, attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti attho. Kiriyati dukkhitesu pasāriyatīti vā karuṇā, karuṇāya niyuttoti kāruṇiko yathā ‘‘dovāriko’’ti (a. ni. 7.67). Yathā hi dvāraṭṭhānato aññattha vattamānopi dvārapaṭibaddhajīviko puriso dvārānativattavuttitāya dvāre niyuttoti ‘‘dovāriko’’ti vuccati, evaṃ bhagavā mettādivasena karuṇāvihārato aññattha vattamānopi karuṇānativattavuttitāya karuṇāya niyuttoti ‘‘kāruṇiko’’ti vuccati. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi yāva mahāparinibbānā lokahitatthameva lokanāthā tiṭṭhantīti. Mahanto kāruṇikoti mahākāruṇiko. Satipi bhagavato tadaññaguṇānampi vasena mahantabhāve kāruṇikasaddasannidhānena vuttattā karuṇāvasenevettha mahantabhāvo veditabbo yathā ‘‘mahāveyyākaraṇo’’ti. Evañca katvā ‘‘mahākāruṇiko’’ti iminā padena puggalādhiṭṭhānena satthu mahākaruṇā vuttā hoti.

Aparo nayo – atthasādhanato karuṇaṃ karuṇāyanaṃ karuṇāsampavattanaṃ arahatīti kāruṇiko. Bhagavato hi sabbaññutāya anavasesato sattānaṃ hitaṃ, hitupāyañca jānato, tattha ca akilāsuno hitesitā satthikā, na tathā aññesanti. Atha vā karuṇā karuṇāyanaṃ sīlaṃ pakati sabhāvo etassāti kāruṇiko. Bhagavā hi pathavīphassādayo viya kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvā karuṇāsabhāvo sabhāvabhūtakaruṇoti attho. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Atha vā mahāvisayatāya, mahānubhāvatāya, mahapphalatāya ca mahatī karuṇāti mahākaruṇā. Bhagavato hi karuṇā niravasesesu sattesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca anaññasādhāraṇā pavattati, diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañca mahantameva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ ekantato nipphādeti, mahākaruṇāya niyuttoti mahākāruṇiko, taṃ mahākāruṇikaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Sumāgadhādipadānaṃ viya cettha saddasiddhi veditabbā.

Nāthatīti nātho, veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ āsīsati patthetīti attho, mettāyanavasena cettha hitasukhāsīsanaṃ veditabbaṃ, na karuṇāyanavasena paṭhamapadena vuttattā. Atha vā nāthati veneyyagataṃ kilesabyasanaṃ upatāpetīti nātho, nāthatīti vā nātho, yācatīti attho. Bhagavā hi ‘‘sādhu, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kālena kālaṃ attasampattiṃ paccavekkhitā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.7, 8) sattānaṃ taṃ taṃ hitappaṭipattiṃ yācitvāpi mahākaruṇāya samussāhito te tattha niyojeti. Paramena vā cittissariyena samannāgato, sabbasatte vā sīlādiguṇehi īsati abhibhavatīti paramissaro bhagavā ‘‘nātho’’ti vuccati, taṃ nāthaṃ.

Ñātabbanti ñeyyaṃ, atītādibhedabhinnaṃ sabbaṃ saṅkhataṃ, asaṅkhatañca. Saṅgaraṇaṭṭhena sāgaro, patitapatitānaṃ attano puthulagambhīrabhāvehi saṃsīdanaṃ nimmujjanaṃ karotīti attho. Saṃ-saddassa cettha ‘‘sābhāvo, sārāgo’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 389, 391) viya niruttinayena daṭṭhabbo. Saṅgaraṇaṭṭhenāti vā saṅgarakaraṇaṭṭhena, ṭhitadhammatāya ‘‘ayaṃ me mariyādā, imaṃ velaṃ nātikkamāmī’’ti lokena saṅgaraṃ saṅketaṃ karonto viya hotīti attho. Saṅgaraṇaṃ vā samantato galanaṃ sandanaṃ udakena karotīti sāgaro. Kappavuṭṭhānakāle hi mahāsamuddo ito cito ca paggharitvā sakalaṃ lokadhātuṃ ekoghaṃ karotīti. Lokiyā pana vadanti ‘‘sāgarassa rañño puttehi sāgarehi nibbattito khatoti sāgaro, puratthimo samuddappadeso, taṃsambandhatāya ruḷhivasena sabbopi samuddo tathā voharīyatī’’ti. Sāgarasadisattā sāgaro, ñeyyameva sāgaroti ñeyyasāgaro. Sadisatā cettha puthuladuttaragambhīrānādikālikatāhi veditabbā, nihīnaṃ cetamopammaṃ. Tathā hi ñeyyasseva sātisayā puthulatā aparimāṇalokadhātubyāpanato, sabbaññutaññāṇasseva taraṇīyatāya duttaratā, gambhīratā, ādikoṭirahitā ca pavatti, na itarassa paricchinnadesattā bāhirakavītarāgehipi ittarena khaṇena atikkamitabbattā, parimitagambhīrattā, parimitakālattā ca. Ñeyyasāgarassa pāraṃ pariyantaṃ gatoti ñeyyasāgarapāragū, taṃ ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ.

Gamanañcettha ñāṇagamanameva, na itaraṃ ñeyyaggahaṇato, taṃ pana ñāṇaṃ duvidhaṃ sammasanapaṭivedhabhedato, tathā hetuphalabhedato. Tattha ‘‘kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.57; saṃ. ni. 2.4, 10; peṭako. 23) karuṇāyanavaseneva abhinivisitvā anekākāravokāre saṅkhāre sammasantaṃ bhagavato sammasanañāṇaṃ chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena ñeyyasāgaraṃ ajjhogāhetvā tassa pāraṃ pariyantaṃ agamāsi, yaṃ ‘‘mahāvajirañāṇa’’nti vuccati. Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ pana sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ, āsavakkhayañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, yaṃ ‘‘mahābodhī’’ti vuccati. Pāragamanañca tassa kiccasiddhiyā, samatthatāya ca veditabbaṃ. Tathā yathāvuttaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ hetu, itaraṃ phalaṃ. Saha sammasanañāṇena vā āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ hetu, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ phalaṃ tadānisaṃsabhāvatoti veditabbaṃ.

Vandeti namāmi, abhitthavāmi vā. Saṇhaṭṭhena nipuṇā, anupacitañāṇasambhārānaṃ agādhaṭṭhena gambhīrā, ekattādibhedato nandiyāvaṭṭādivibhāgato ca vicitrā visiṭṭhā nānāvidhā nayā etissāti nipuṇagambhīravicitranayā, nipuṇagambhīravicitranayā desanā assāti nipuṇagambhīravicitranayadesano, taṃ nipuṇa…pe… desanaṃ. Nayatīti vā nayo, pāḷigati, sā ca vuttanayena atthato nipuṇā, atthato byañjanato ca gambhīrā, saṅkhepavitthārānulomādippavattiyā nānāvidhatāya vicitrā. Tathā hi paññattianupaññattiādivasena, saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissatādivasena, kusalādikhandhādisaṅgahādisamayavimuttādiṭhapanādikusalamūlāditikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca anekavidhā pāḷigatīti.

Tattha (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā) dvīhākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā attahitasampattito, parahitappaṭipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamato, savāsanānaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantappahānato ca veditabbā, parahitappaṭipatti lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanato, paṭiviruddhesupi niccaṃ hitajjhāsayañāṇaparipākakālāgamanato ca veditabbā. Sā panettha payogato, āsayato ca duvidhā, parahitappaṭipatti, yathāvuttabhedā duvidhā ca attahitasampatti pakāsitā hoti. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Mahākāruṇika’’nti iminā āsayato , ‘‘nipuṇa…pe… desana’’nti iminā payogato, ‘‘nātha’’nti iminā pana ubhayathāpi bhagavato parahitappaṭipatti pakāsitā karuṇākiccadīpanato, ‘‘ñeyyasāgarapāragu’’nti iminā sātisayaṃ attahitasampatti paramukkaṃsagatañāṇakiccadīpanato.

Atha vā tīhākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā hetuto, phalato, upakārato ca. Tattha hetu mahākaruṇā, sā pana paṭhamapadena sarūpeneva dassitā. Phalaṃ catubbidhaṃ ñāṇasampadā pahānasampadā ānubhāvasampadā rūpakāyasampadā cāti. Tāsu padhānabhūtā ñāṇapahānasampadā ‘‘ñeyyasāgarapāragu’’nti iminā padena pakāsitā. Padhāne hi dassite avinābhāvato itarampi dvayaṃ dassitameva hoti. Na hi buddhānaṃ ānubhāvarūpakāyasampattīhi vinā kadācipi dhammakāyasirī vattatīti. Upakāro anantaraṃ abāhiraṃ katvā tividhayānamukhena vimuttidhammadesanā, sā ‘‘nāthaṃ, nipuṇa…pe… desana’’nti padadvayena pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ.

Tattha (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā) ‘‘mahākāruṇika’’nti etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ. ‘‘Ñeyyasāgarapāragu’’nti etena pubbabhāgappaṭipattiyā saddhiṃ sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. Vuttappabhedaṃ pana sammasanañāṇaṃ saha paññāpāramiyā tassā pubbabhāgapaṭipadā. Tassā hi ānubhāvena līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasassatucchedādiantadvayavirahitā ukkaṃsapāramippattā majjhimā paṭipadā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gatā. ‘‘Nātha’’nti iminā sammāsambodhiyā phalaṃ dasseti lokattayanāyakabhāvadīpanato. Tathā hi sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā, sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya aparimitanirupamabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ anuttaragāravaṭṭhānabhūtatāya ca ‘‘nātho’’ti vuccatīti. ‘‘Nipuṇa…pe… desana’’nti iminā sammāsambodhiyā payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇatthañhi bhagavatā sammāsambodhi abhipatthitā, tañca sattasantāraṇaṃ yathāvuttadesanāsampattiyā samijjhati tadavinābhāvato. Iminā bhagavato sātisayā parahitappaṭipatti dassitā, itarehi attahitasampattīti tadubhayena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dīpeti, tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ, uttamavandanīyabhāvaṃ, attano ca vandanakiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dīpeti.

Ettha ca yathā ‘‘mahākāruṇika’’nti iminā padena bhagavato mahākaruṇā dassitā, evaṃ ‘‘ñeyyasāgarapāragu’’nti etena mahāpaññā dassitā. Tesu karuṇāggahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato bhagavato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā hoti, paññāggahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho eva cattho nāthasaddena pakāsīyati. Karuṇāvacanena upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ dasseti, paññāvacanena apagamanaṃ. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya, paññāggahaṇena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā sattādisammasanaṃ hotīti. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāggahaṇena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ, catusaccañāṇaṃ, catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ, catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ. Karuṇāggahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesāsādhāraṇañāṇāni, cha abhiññā, aṭṭhasu parisāsu (ma. ni. 1.151, 178) akampanañāṇāni, dasa balāni, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, soḷasa ñāṇacariyā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.305; vibha. mūlaṭī. suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā; dī. ni. ṭī. 3.141), catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti (saṃ. ni. 2.34) evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāppabhedānaṃ vasena ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti.

Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena caraṇasampatti, paññāggahaṇena vijjāsampatti. Karuṇāggahaṇena sattādhipatitā, paññāggahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāggahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo, paññāggahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena pubbakāribhāvo, paññāggahaṇena kataññutā. Karuṇāggahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāggahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāggahaṇena vā buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāggahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ, paññāggahaṇena sayaṃ tāraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā, paññāggahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti. Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi taṃnidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttari karaṇīyābhāvato, iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāvacanena sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggāhaṇaṃ, aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –

‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ, kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;

Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare, vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.20; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.4; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.1; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.1; a. ni. ṭī. 1.1.1; vajira. ṭī. ganthārambhakathā; sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā);

Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenāpi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti (dī. ni. 2.145) paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ.

Evaṃ saṅkhepena sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘vijjācaraṇasampannā’’tiādimāha. Tattha vijjācaraṇasampannā hutvāti vacanaseso. Vindiyaṃ dhammānaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ, sāmaññalakkhaṇañca vindatīti vijjā, lobhakkhandhādīni vā vijjhanaṭṭhena vijjā, catunnaṃ vā ariyasaccānaṃ viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjāti evaṃ tāvettha vacanatthato vijjā veditabbā. Pabhedato pana tissopi vijjā vijjā bhayabheravasutte āgataniyāmeneva, aṭṭhapi vijjā vijjā ambaṭṭhasuttādīsu (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo) āgataniyāmeneva. Caranti tehīti caraṇāni, sīlasaṃvarādayo pañcadasa dhammā, iti imāhi vijjāhi, imehi ca caraṇehi sampannā sampannāgatāti vijjācaraṇasampannā.

Yenāti yena dhammena karaṇabhūtena, hetubhūtena ca. Tattha maggadhammassa karaṇattho veditabbo niyyānakiriyāsādhakatamabhāvato, nibbānadhammassa hetuattho ārammaṇapaccayabhāvato. Paccayattho hi ayaṃ hetvattho. Pariyattidhammassapi hetuattho yujjateva paramparāya hetubhāvato. Phaladhamme pana ubhayampi sambhavati. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Tāya saddhāya avūpasantāyā’’ti vacanato maggena samucchinnānaṃ kilesānaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānakiccatāya phalassa niyyānānuguṇatā, niyyānapariyosānatā cāti iminā pariyāyena siyā karaṇattho niyyānakiriyāya. Sakadāgāmimaggavipassanādīnaṃ pana upanissayapaccayabhāvato siyā hetuattho. Evañca katvā aggappasādasuttādīsu (itivu. 90) aggādibhāvena aggahitāpi phalapariyattidhammā chattamāṇavakavimānādīsu (vi. va. 886 ādayo) saraṇīyabhāvena gahitāti tesaṃ magganibbānānaṃ viya mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ saraṇabhāvo uddhaṭo. Visesato cettha maggapariyāpannā eva vijjācaraṇadhammā veditabbā. Te hi nippariyāyena niyyānakiriyāya sādhakatamabhūtā, na itare. Itaresaṃ pana niyyānatthatāya niyyānatā. Yadi evaṃ kasmā ‘‘vijjācaraṇasampannā hutvā’’ti vuttaṃ, niyyānasamakālameva hi yathāvuttavijjācaraṇasampattisamadhigamoti? Nāyaṃ virodho samānakālatāya eva adhippetattā yathā ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. 1.204, 400; 3.421, 425, 426; saṃ. ni. 2.43-45; 4.60; kathā. 465, 467). Sampannāti vā padassa vattamānakālatthatā veditabbā ‘‘uppannā dhammā’’ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 17) ettha uppannasaddassa viya. Evañca katvā vacanasesamantareneva padayojanā siddhā hoti. ‘‘Yenā’’ti ca padaṃ ubhayattha sambandhitabbaṃ ‘‘yena dhammena vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena dhammena niyyantī’’ti.

Lokatoti khandhādilokato, vaṭṭatoti attho. Nti taṃ magganibbānaphalapariyattibhedaṃ dhammaṃ. Uttamanti seṭṭhaṃ. Tathā hesa attanā uttaritarassa abhāvena ‘‘anuttaro’’ti vuccati. Tattha maggassa niyyānahetuādiatthena, nibbānassa nissaraṇavivekādiatthena, phalassa ariyasantabhāvādiatthena ca seṭṭhatā veditabbā. Svāyamattho ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34) ādisuttapadānusārena vibhāvetabbo.

Dhammanti yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyato, saṃsārato ca apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo. Sammā, sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddho, sabbaññutāanāvaraṇañāṇo samantacakkhu bhagavā, tena yathā sammāsambodhisamadhigameneva sabbe buddhaguṇā sampāpuṇīyanti, evaṃ sammadeva āsevanāya bhāvanāya bahulīkiriyāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sammadeva paccavekkhaṇāya sakkaccaṃ dhammadesanāya veneyyasantānesu patiṭṭhāpanena –

‘‘Ariyaṃ , vo bhikkhave, sammāsamādhiṃ desessāmi (ma. ni. 3.136; peṭako. 24). Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho (dha. pa. 273; netti. 170; peṭako. 30). Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34). Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā (dī. ni. 2.373; ma. ni. 1.106; saṃ. ni. 5.367, 384). Dhammaṃ, vo bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. 3.420; netti. 5) –

Ādivacanehi, abhitthavanena ca pūjito mānito apacitoti sammāsambuddhapūjito, taṃ sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ dhammaṃ vandeti sambandho.

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – yassa dhammassa adhigamane vijjāsampannā ceva honti caraṇasampannā ca, sabbavaṭṭadukkhato ca niyyanti, tameva ariyānaṃ sakalaguṇasamaṅgibhāvanimittaṃ, anavasesadukkhanissaraṇahetubhūtañca uttamaṃ pavaraṃ saddhiṃ pariyattidhammena navavidhaṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ bhagavatāpi sammāpaṭipattiādividhinā pūjitaṃ namāmi, abhitthavāmi vāti.

Ettha ca ‘‘yena lokato niyyanti, vijjācaraṇasampannā ca hontī’’ti padadvayena yathākkamaṃ dhammassa bhāvetabbabhāvo, sacchikātabbabhāvo ca vutto. Tesu paṭhamena vijjāsampattiyā dhammaṃ thometi, dutiyena vimuttisampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena jhānasampadāya, dutiyena vimokkhasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā samādhisampadāya, dutiyena samāpattisampadāya. Paṭhamena vā khayañāṇabhāvena, dutiyena anuppādañāṇabhāvena. Atha vā purimena vijjūpamatāya, dutiyena vajirūpamatāya. Purimena vā virāgasampattiyā, dutiyena nirodhasampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena niyyānabhāvena, dutiyena nissaraṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā hetubhāvena, dutiyena asaṅkhatabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā dassanabhāvena, dutiyena vivekabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā adhipatibhāvena, dutiyena amatabhāvena dhammaṃ thometi. Atha vā paṭhamena niyyānikabhāvadassanato svākkhātatāya dhammaṃ thometi, dutiyena sacchikātabbabhāvato sandiṭṭhikatāya. Tathā purimena akālikatāya, pacchimena ehipassikatāya. Purimena vā opaneyyikatāya, pacchimena paccattaṃ veditabbatāya dhammaṃ thometi.

‘‘Uttama’’nti ca etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanena paripuṇṇatāya dhammaṃ thometi , ‘‘sammāsambuddhapūjita’’nti etena parisuddhatāya. Sabbadosāpagamena hissa pūjanīyatā. Parisuddhatāya cassa pahānasampadā, paripuṇṇatāya pabhavasampadā. Pahānasampattiyā ca bhāvanāpāripūrī anavasesadosasamugghāṭanato, pabhavasampattiyā sacchikiriyanibbatti tatuttari karaṇīyābhāvato. Anaññasādhāraṇatāya hi uttamoti. Tathā bhāvetabbabhāvenassa saha pubbabhāgasīlādīhi sekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā, sacchikātabbabhāvena saha asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā asekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā hontīti.

Evaṃ saṅkhepena sabbasaddhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ thometvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘sīlādiguṇasampanno’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha sīlādiguṇasampannoti sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttiyādiguṇehi sampanno samannāgato, sampannasīlādiguṇo vā. Ariyānañhi taṃtaṃmaggavajjhakilesappahānena hatapaṭipakkhā suvisuddhā sīlādayo ‘‘sampannā’’ti vattabbataṃ arahanti , na puthūjjanānaṃ, yato ‘‘suppaṭipanno’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.74; a. ni. 6.10; udā. 18) ariyasaṅgho thomīyati. Atha vā sīlādiguṇasampannoti paripuṇṇasīlādiguṇo. Ariyapuggalānañhi ariyasaccappaṭivedhena saheva yathārahaṃ sekkhāsekkhā sīlādidhammakkhandhā pāripūriṃ gacchantīti. Ṭhito maggaphalesūti maggesu, phalesu ca ṭhito, maggaṭṭho, phalaṭṭho cāti attho. Yoti aniyamato ariyasaṅghaṃ niddisati, tassa ‘‘ta’’nti iminā niyamaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Nanu ca ariyasaṅghe na sabbe ariyapuggalā maggaṭṭhā, nāpi sabbe phalaṭṭhāti? Saccametaṃ, avayavadhammena pana samudāyaṃ niddisanto evamāha yathā ‘‘samaṃ cuṇṇa’’nti. Yathā hi yogacuṇṇassa avayavesu labbhamāno samabhāvo samudāye apadisīyati ‘‘samaṃ cuṇṇa’’nti, evaṃ ariyasaṅghassa avayavabhūtesu ariyapuggalesu labbhamāno maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvo samudāyabhūte ariyasaṅghe ṭhito ‘‘maggaphalesū’’ti apadiṭṭhoti veditabbaṃ.

Ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato, sadevakena ca lokena ‘‘saraṇa’’nti araṇīyato ariyo, diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatattā saṅgho, ariyo ca so saṅgho cāti ariyasaṅgho, taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Pujjabhavaphalanibbattanato attano santānaṃ punātīti vā puññaṃ, khittaṃ vuttaṃ bījaṃ viruhanaṭṭhānatāya tāyati rakkhatīti khettaṃ kedārādi, khettaṃ viyāti khettaṃ, sattānaṃ puññassa mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena viruhanaṭṭhānatāya khettanti puññakkhettaṃ. Anuttaraṃ vandeti sambandho.

Ettha ca ‘‘sīlādiguṇasampanno’’ti etena ariyasaṅghassa bhagavato anujātaputtataṃ dasseti, tenassa pabhavasampadā dīpitā hoti. ‘‘Ṭhito maggaphalesū’’ti etena pahānasampadaṃ, ñāṇasampadañca dasseti kilesānaṃ samucchedappaṭippassaddhippahānadīpanato, maggaphalañāṇādhigamadīpanato ca. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena pabhavasampadaṃ sabbasaṅghānaṃ aggabhāvadīpanato, sadevakena ca lokena araṇīyabhāvadīpanato. ‘‘Puññakkhettaṃ anuttara’’nti etena lokassa bahūpakārataṃ dasseti aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvadīpanato.

Tathā ‘‘sīlādiguṇasampanno’’ti idaṃ ariyasaṅghassa sammāujuñāyasāmīcippaṭipannabhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Ṭhito maggaphalesū’’ti idaṃ satipi santānavibhāgena anekabhāve catupurisayugaaṭṭhapurisapuggalabhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti idaṃ āhuneyyādibhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Puññakkhettaṃ anuttara’’nti idaṃ lokassa hitasukhāya paṭipannatādīpanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘ṭhito maggaphalesū’’ti idaṃ ariyasaṅghassa lokuttarasaraṇagamanasabbhāvadīpanaṃ, tenassa bhagavato orasaputtabhāvo dassito hoti. ‘‘Sīlādiguṇasampanno’’ti iminā panassa vihatavidhastakilesā anavasesā sekkhāsekkhā sīlādidhammakkhandhā dassitā. ‘‘Ariyasaṅghaṃ puññakkhettaṃ anuttara’’nti iminā tesaṃ tesaññeva yathāvuttaguṇavisesānaṃ suparisuddhataṃ dīpeti. Tenassa mahānubhāvataṃ, anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ, vandanārahabhāvaṃ, attano ca vandanākiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Saraṇagamanañca sāvakānaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ ādi, sapubbabhāgappaṭipadā sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo majjhe, asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo pariyosānanti ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe ariyasaṅghaguṇā imāya gāthāya pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ.

Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento ‘‘vandanājanita’’nti gāthamāha. Tattha vandanājanitanti vandanākārena nibbattitaṃ, ratanattayaguṇābhitthavanavasena, nipaccakāravasena vā uppāditanti attho. Itīti evaṃ ‘‘mahākāruṇika’’ntiādippakārena. Ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, buddhadhammasaṅghā, cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;

Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; saṃ. ni. 5.223; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226; mahāni. aṭṭha. 50; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.4; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.4; a. ni. ṭī. 1.1.4; sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā);

Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsu eva labbhanti, ratanānaṃ tayaṃ ratanattayaṃ, tasmiṃ ratanattaye. Hatantarāyoti vidhastaupaddavo hutvāti sambandho, etena attano pasādasampattiyā, ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā tassa puññassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ vihanane samatthataṃ dasseti. Sabbatthāti sabbasmiṃ anto ceva bahi ca, ajjhattikabāhiravatthūsūti attho. Sabbatthāti vā sabbasmiṃ kāle, saṃvaṇṇanāya ādimajjhapariyosānakālesūti vuttaṃ hoti. Hutvāti pubbakālakiriyā, tassa ‘‘karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti etena sambandho. Tassāti yaṃ ratanattaye vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, tassa. Tejasāti ānubhāvena balena.

Evaṃ ratanattayavandanāya payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni nettippakaraṇassa gambhīratthattā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya dukkarabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ṭhiti’’ntiādimāha. Tattha ṭhitinti ṭhānaṃ anantaradhānaṃ avicchedappavattiṃ. Ākaṅkhamānenāti icchamānena patthayantena, ‘‘ahovatāyaṃ saddhammanetti ciraṃ tiṭṭheyyā’’ti evaṃ patthayantenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ciranti dīghakālaṃ, pañcavassasahassaparimāṇaṃ kālanti attho. Saddhammanettiyāti saddhammasaṅkhātāya nettiyā. Saddhammo hi veneyyasantānesu ariyaguṇānaṃ nayanato netti, saddhammassa vā netti saddhammanetti, tassā saddhammanettiyā, svāyamattho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vicārito eva. Therenāti thiraguṇayuttena. Abhiyācitoti ādaragāravena yācito. Abhimukhaṃ vā yācito, anuttaraṃ katvā yācitoti attho. Uddissa vā yācito, garutaraṃ katvā yācitoti attho, ‘‘karotu āyasmā nettippakaraṇassa kañci atthasaṃvaṇṇana’’nti evaṃ nettiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ pati ajjhesitoti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha ca saddhammassa ciraṃ ṭhitikāmena ajjhāsayasampannena sāsane thiraguṇayuttena sabrahmacārinā ādaragāravena, abhimukhaṃ vā yācitena me na sakkā tassa abhiyācanaṃ paṭikkhipitunti dasseti ‘‘ṭhitiṃ ākaṅkhamānenā’’ti gāthāya.

Padumuttaranāthassāti padumuttarassa sammāsambuddhassa. Passatāti pubbenivāsacakkhunā, samantacakkhunā eva vā hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalakaṃ viya abhinīhāraṃ passantena. Tādināti tādibhāvayuttena , sabbattha vā nibbikārena, ‘‘amhākaṃ bhagavatā’’ti vacanaseso. Yassāti āyasmato mahākaccānattherassa. Ṭhapitoti –

‘‘Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākaccāno’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 197) –

Evaṃ ṭhapito. Sīlādiguṇavisesehi mahantā sāvakāti mahāsāvakā (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.1288; a. ni. ṭī. 2.3.59), mahākassapādayo, tesu ayamāyasmā aññataroti, mahāsāvako ca so guṇavisesayogato uttamo cāti mahāsāvakuttamo.

Jhānādīsu sātisayānaṃ āvajjanādivasībhāvānaṃ, ariyiddhivasena paramassa ca cetovasībhāvassa adhigatattā vasippatto. Atthādīsu savisesabhedagatapaṭisambhidāñāṇattā pabhinnapaṭisambhido. ‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno, mahāpañño, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.205) anekesu ṭhānesu bhagavatā pasaṃsitattā sambuddhena pasaṃsito. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito saṃbhāvito, viññūnañca sabrahmacārina’’nti.

Anumoditāti ‘‘sādhu sādhu, kaccāna, sādhu kho, tvaṃ kaccāna, imaṃ dhammasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ abhāsī’’ti evaṃ anumoditā. Ekasmiṃ kira samaye ayaṃ mahāthero jambuvanasaṇḍe viharanto attano santikāvacarānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ hāranayapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ pakaraṇaṃ abhāsi. Bhāsitvā ca bhagavato santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisinno yathābhāsitaṃ imaṃ pakaraṇaṃ bhagavato nivedesi. Taṃ sutvā bhagavā ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’tiādinā anumoditvā ‘‘tasmātiha, tvaṃ kaccāna, imaṃ dhammasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ dhammanettitveva dhārehī’’ti nāmaggahaṇaṃ akāsīti vadanti. Desanāhārādinandiyāvaṭṭanayādihāranayānusāreneva sabbadhammasaṃvaṇṇanānaṃ gatiyoti āha ‘‘sāsanassa sadāyattā, navaṅgassatthavaṇṇanā’’ti.

Gambhīrañāṇehīhi gambhīrehi ñāṇehi, na saddhāmattakena, gambhīrañāṇehi vā mahāpaññehi ariyehi. Pakaraṇassa gambhīratthataṃ, attano ca ñāṇassa nātivisayataṃ viditvā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe saṃsīdantampi maṃ sāsanaguṇādiupanissayasampadā ussāhesīti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘kiñcāpī’’tiādinā.

‘‘Pañcapinikāye ogāhetvā’’ti iminā nettiyā pañcapi mahānikāye anupavisitvā avaṭṭhānaṃ, tesaṃ saṃvaṇṇanābhāvañca dīpeti. Tattha ‘‘katamo assādo ca ādīnavo cā’’tiādipeṭakopadesapāḷiṃ (peṭako. 23) ānetvā idha desanāhārādīnaṃ padatthavinicchayo peṭakena saṃsandanaṃ nāma. ‘‘yathābala’’nti iminā sabbathā sabbabhāgenāpi nettiyā saṃvaṇṇanā mayā na sukarā kātuṃ, attano pana ñāṇabalānurūpaṃ karissāmīti niratimānataṃ dīpeti.

Suvisuddhanti suṭṭhu visuddhaṃ, nikāyantaraladdhidosehi antarantarā anuppavesitehi asammissanti adhippāyo. Asaṃkiṇṇanti sanikāyepi padatthantaraparikappanādinā asaṃkiṇṇaṃ tādisasaṅkararahitaṃ anākulaṃ suparicchinnaṃ. Vividhehi ākārehi nicchinotīti vinicchayo. Atthānaṃ vinicchayo atthavinicchayo. Gaṇṭhiṭṭhānabhūtesu atthesu khilamaddanākārena pavattā vimaticchedakathā, nipuṇo sukhumo saṇho atthavinicchayo etassāti nipuṇatthavinicchayo. Atha vā atthe vinicchinotīti atthavinicchayo, yathāvuttaatthavisayañāṇaṃ, nipuṇo cheko atthavinicchayo etassāti nipuṇatthavinicchayo, taṃ nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ. Samayanti siddhantaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ siddhanto vuttanayena suparisuddho, anākulo, saṇhasukhumavinicchayo ca, siddhantaṃ taṃ avilomento anukūlato tattha siddhaṃyeva dhammanettiṃ pakāsayanto nettippakaraṇassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissāmīti.

Pamādalekhanti aparabhāge potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhanavasena pavattappamādapāṭhaṃ. Vajjetvāti apanetvā. Pāḷiṃ sammā niyojayanti taṃ taṃ nettipāḷiṃ tattha tattha udāharaṇabhāvena ānītasutte sammadeva niyojento, atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya vā taṃ taṃ udāharaṇasuttasaṅkhātaṃ pāḷiṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ lakkhaṇabhūte nettiganthe sammadeva niyojento. Upadesanti nettiupanisaṃ nettihadayaṃ. Yvāyaṃ sapaṭṭhānavibhāgassa tettiṃsavidhassa nettipadatthassa saha nimittavibhāgena asaṅkarato vavatthito visayo, taṃ. Vibhāvento pakāsento. Tassā nettiyā karissāmi atthavaṇṇananti sambandho.

Ettha ca ‘‘abhiyācito’’ti iminā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya nimittaṃ dasseti, ‘‘ṭhitiṃ ākaṅkhamānena ciraṃ saddhammanettiyā’’ti iminā payojanaṃ, ‘‘karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti iminā piṇḍatthaṃ. Saṃvaṇṇiyamānā hi pakaraṇatthā saṃvaṇṇanāya piṇḍattho. ‘‘Tamupanissāyā’’tiādinā karaṇappakāraṃ.

Idāni saṃvaṇṇanāya savane niyojento ‘‘iti attha’’nti osānagāthamāha. Tattha ‘‘sakkacca’’nti padaṃ ubhayattha yojetabbaṃ ‘‘sakkaccaṃ vibhajantassa, sakkaccaṃ nisāmayathā’’ti.

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.