Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Idāni assārambho – tattha yoti aniyamaniddeso, tena visuddhajātikulagottādīnaṃ kilesamalavisuddhiyā, pūjārahatāya vā akāraṇataṃ dassetvā yo koci imissā samantapāsādikāya ādigāthāya niddiṭṭhalokanāthattahetuṃ yathāvuttahetumūlena thirataraṃ acalaṃ katvā yathāvuttahetukālaṃ accantameva pūrento avasāne yathāvuttahetuphalaṃ sampādetvā yathāvuttahetuphalappayojanaṃ sādheti, sova paramapūjārahoti niyameti.

Ettāvatā –

Bhayasammohaduddiṭṭhi-paṇāmo nesa sabbathā;

Paññāpubbaṅgamo eso, paṇāmoti nidassito.

Tatra hetūti atidukkarāni tiṃsapāramitāsaṅkhātāni puññakammāni. Tāni hi accantadukkhena kasirena vacanapathātītānubhāvena mahatā ussāhena karīyantīti atidukkarāni nāma. Atidukkarattā eva hi tesaṃ atidullabhaṃ loke anaññasādhāraṇaṃ nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ phalaṃ phalanti, taṃ tattha hetuphalaṃ; hetumūlaṃ nāma yathāvuttassa hetuno nipphādanasamatthā mahākaruṇā, sā ādipaṇidhānato paṭṭhāya ‘‘mutto mocessāmī’’tiādinā nayena yāva hetuphalappayojanā, tāva abbocchinnaṃ pavattati. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Sakānanā sagrivarā sasāgarā,

Gatā vināsaṃ bahuso vasundharā;

Yugantakāle salilānalānile,

Na bodhisattassa mahātapā kuto’’ti.

Yāya samannāgatattā ‘‘namo mahākāruṇikassa tassā’’ti āha. Hetukālaṃ nāma catuaṭṭhasoḷasaasaṅkhyeyyādippabhedo kālo, yaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kāla’’nti. Tattha accantasaṃyogatthe upayogavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ ‘‘māsaṃ adhīte, divasaṃ caratī’’tiādīsu viya. Kāmañca so kālo asaṅkhyeyyavasena pameyyo viññeyyo, tathāpi kappakoṭivasena aviññeyyataṃ sandhāya ‘‘kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kāla’’nti āha. Tattha kālayatīti kālo, khipati viddhaṃsayati sattānaṃ jīvitamiti attho. Kala vikkhepe. Tattha kappīyati saṃkappīyati sāsapapabbatādīhi upamāhi kevalaṃ saṃkappīyati, na manussadivasamāsasaṃvaccharādigaṇanāya gaṇīyatīti kappo. Ekantiādigaṇanapathassa koṭibhūtattā koṭi, kappānaṃ koṭiyo kappakoṭiyo . Tāhipi na pamīyatīti appameyyo, taṃ appameyyaṃ. Karontoti nānatthattā dhātūnaṃ dānaṃ dento, sīlaṃ rakkhanto, lobhakkhandhato nikkhamanto, attahitaparahitādibhedaṃ taṃ taṃ dhammaṃ pajānanto, vividhena vāyāmena ghaṭento vāyamanto, taṃ taṃ sattāparādhaṃ khamanto, paṭiññāsammutiparamatthasaccāni saccāyanto, taṃ taṃ sattahitaṃ adhiṭṭhahanto, sakalalokaṃ mettāyanto, mittāmittādibhedaṃ pakkhapātaṃ pahāya taṃ taṃ sattaṃ ajjhupekkhanto cāti attho. Khedaṃ gatoti anantappabhedaṃ mahantaṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ anubhavanaṭṭhena gato, sampattotyattho. Saṃsāradukkhañhi sārīrikaṃ mānasikañca sukhaṃ khedayati pātayatīti ‘‘khedo’’ti vuccati. Lokahitāyāti idaṃ yathāvuttahetuphalappayojananidassanaṃ, ‘‘saṃsāradukkhānubhavanakāraṇanidassana’’ntipi eke –

‘‘‘Jātisaṃsāradukkhānaṃ, gantuṃ sakkopi nibbutiṃ;

Ciralliṭṭhopi saṃsāre, karuṇāyeva kevala’nti. –

Ca vutta’’nti, tamayuttaṃ. Na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati. Na hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahati. Evaṃ panetaṃ dasseti tiṃsapāramitāpabhedaṃ hetuṃ, pāramitāphalabhūtaṃ nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ phalañca. Yathā cāha ‘‘mamañhi, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccantī’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 1.129; 5.2). Tattha bhagavā yathāvuttahetūhi sattānaṃ vineyyabhāvanipphādanapaññābījāni vapi, hetuphalena paripakkindriyabhāvena parinipphannavineyyabhāve satte vinayi, saṃsāradukkhato mocayīti attho. Na evaṃ saṃsāradukkhena lokassa upakāraṃ kiñci akāsi, tasmā karonto atidukkarāni lokahitāyāti sambandho. Imissā yojanāya sabbapaṭhamassa bodhisattassa uppattikālato paṭṭhāya bodhisattassa nāthattasaṅkhātapāramitāhetuphalādhigamo veditabbo. Yo nāthoti hi sambandho adhippeto. Imassa panatthassa –

‘‘Yadeva paṭhamaṃ citta-muppannaṃ tava bodhaye;

Tvaṃ tadevassa lokassa, pūjike parivasittha’’. –

Iti vacanaṃ sādhakaṃ. Paṭhamacittassa pāramitābhāvo rukkhassa aṅkurato paṭṭhāya uppattiupamāya sādhetabbo. Etthāha – ‘‘khedaṃ gatoti vacanaṃ niratthakaṃ , yathāvuttanayena guṇasādhanāsambhavato’’ti? Na, antarā anivattanakabhāvadīpanato. Dukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato eva, na antarā khedaṃ asahanto nivattatīti dīpeti. Lokadukkhāpanayanakāmassa vā bhagavato attano dukkhānubhavanasamatthataṃ dasseti.

‘‘Yassa kassaci varadossaṃ, yāvāhaṃ sabbasattadukkhāni;

Sabbāni sabbakālaṃ yugaṃ, padmasseva bujjhantomhī’’ti. –

Evaṃadhippāyassa attamattadukkhānubhavanasamatthatāya kāyeva kathāti atisayaṃ atthaṃ dassetīti attho. Atha vā khedaṃ gatoti byāpāraṃ paricayaṃ gatotipi attho sambhavati. Kammādīsu sabyāpāraṃ purisaṃ disvā santi hi loke vattāro ‘‘khinnoyaṃ kamme, khinnoyaṃ satte’’tiādi. Imissā yojanāya nāthoti iminā buddhattādhigamasiddhaṃ koṭippattaṃ nāthabhāvaṃ patvā ṭhitakālo dassitoti veditabbo. Keci ‘‘mahākāruṇikassāti vadanto buddhabhūtassāti dassetī’’ti likhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ viya, bodhisattakālepi tabbohārasabbhāvato. Tasmā so ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkarāni karonto avasāne dukkarapāramitāpāripūriyā tāsaṃ phalabhūtaṃ nāthabhāvaṃ patvā lokahitāya byāpāraṃ gatoti ayamattho nidassito hoti. ‘‘Bodhiṃ gato’’ti vuttepi subyattaṃ hetuphalaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Buddhabhāvappattasseva ca nāthassa namo kato hoti visesavacanasabbhāvato, na bodhisattassa. Evaṃ santepi vinayādhikāro idhādhippeto. So ca pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya yāvamaraṇakālā hoti. Taṃ ativiya parittaṃ kālaṃ lajjino atisukaraṃ sīlamattaṃ ekakassa attano hitāya attamattadukkhāpanayanādhippāyena paripūrento ko nāma idhalokaparalokātikkamasukhaṃ na gaccheyya, nanu bhagavā sakalalokadukkhāpanayanādhippāyena kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ karonto atidukkaranirassādaṃ khedaṃ gatoti aññāpadesena guṇaṃ vaṇṇeti ācariyo.

Lokahitāyāti ettha lokiyati ettha dukkhanti loko, luyate vā jātijarāmaraṇadukkhehīti loko, iminā sattalokaṃ jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti. Tasmā tassa sattalokassa idhalokaparalokahitaṃ atikkantaparalokānaṃ vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ lokānaṃ , idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā lokassa, lokānaṃ, loke vā hitanti sarūpekadesekasesaṃ katvā ‘‘lokahita’’miccevāha. Nāthoti sabbasattānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttibhedānurūpadhammadesanasamatthatāya ‘‘dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi…pe… taṃ suṇāthā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.420) evaṃ yācanaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho. Bhikkhūnaṃ vītikkamānurūpaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanena diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikāya ca karuṇāya upagantvā tapati, suttantavasena vā tesaṃ sabbasattānaṃ anusayite kilese karuṇāya ca paññāya ca upagantvā tapati, abhidhammavasena vā te te saṅkhāre aniccādilakkhaṇavasena upaparikkhitvā attano kilese paññāya upecca paricchinditvā tapatīti tapanaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho. Sadevake loke appaṭipuggalattā kenaci appaṭihatadhammadesanattā paramacittissariyappavattito ca issariyaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho. ‘‘Dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesī’’ti (mahāva. 90) vacanato sampahaṃsanasaṅkhātena āsīsaṭṭhena, paṇidhānato paṭṭhāya ‘‘kathaṃ nāmāhaṃ mutto mocayissāmī’’tiādinā nayena āsīsaṭṭhena vā nāthateti nāthoti veditabbo, sammāsambuddho. Catūhipi nāthaṅgehi catuvesārajjacatupaṭisambhidādayo sabbepi buddhaguṇā yojetabbā, ativitthārikabhayā pana na yojitā.

Namoti paramatthato buddhaguṇabahumānapabbhārā cittanati, cittanatippabhavā ca vacīkāyanati. Atthu meti pāṭhasesena sambandho. Mahākāruṇikassāti ettha sabbasattavisayattā mahussāhappabhavattā ca mahatī karuṇā mahākaruṇā. Tattha paṇidhānato paṭṭhāya yāvaanupādisesanibbānapurappavesā niyuttoti mahākāruṇiko, bhagavā. Ettha ca mahākāruṇikassāti iminā yathāvuttahetumūlaṃ dasseti. Nikkaruṇo hi paradukkhesu udāsino buddhatthāya paṇidhānamattampi atibhāriyanti maññanto appameyyaṃ kālaṃ atidukkaraṃ hetuṃ pūretvā nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ hetuphalappayojanabhūtaṃ lokahitaṃ kathaṃ karissati. Tasmā sabbaguṇamūlabhūtattā mahākaruṇāguṇameva vaṇṇento ‘‘namo mahākāruṇikassā’’ti āha. Ettāvatā hetuanurūpaṃ phalaṃ, phalānurūpo hetu, dvinnampi anurūpaṃ mūlaṃ, tiṇṇampi anurūpaṃ payojananti ayamattho dassito hoti.

Evaṃ acchariyapuriso, nātho nāthaguṇe ṭhito;

Namoraho anāthassa, nāthamānassa sampadaṃ.

Ettha siyā ‘‘anekesu bhagavato guṇesu vijjamānesu kasmā ‘mahākāruṇikassā’ti ekameva gahita’’nti? Uccate –

Dosahīnassa satthassa, codanā tu na vijjate;

Dosayuttamasatthañca, tasmā codanā apattakāti.

Na mayā codanā katā, kintu pucchā eva katā. Apica –

‘‘Phalaṃ satipi rukkheḍḍhe, na patatyavikampite;

Codanā yā’tthu satthānaṃ, pucchanātyatthaphalaṃ mahatā.

‘‘Nabhottuṃ kurute sammā, gahituṃ nāḍḍhate ghaṭaṃ;

Akkhepe hi kate tadi-cchissāṇābuddhibandhanaṃ.

‘‘Yathā himapado paddho, pabuddho gandhalimpiyā;

Bhinnatthaviramassevaṃ, satthakatātthalimpiyā’’ti. –

Evaṃ cekaṃ –

Sammāpi codanā taṃ khalu, guravo vivākyā vivaddha;

Yatisissā āghaṭṭitāti-vākyenābhyadhikaṃ gopaya.

Saravatī āceraṃ kiliṭṭhā, tadicchissajitāttānaṃ;

Jayatyattānamācero, sadassasseva sārathīti. –

Atroccate –

Yassa hi vākyasahassaṃ, vākye vākye satañca jivhā;

Nāmaṃ dasabalaguṇapadesaṃ, vattuṃ kappenapi na sakkā.

Yathā –

Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,

Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;

Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,

Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassāti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) –

Cottattā na sakkā bhagavataṃ guṇānamavasesābhidhātuṃ.

Apica –

Yathā tvaṃ sattānaṃ, dasabala tathā ñāṇakaruṇā;

Guṇadvandaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, tava guṇagaṇā nāma tiguṇāti. –

Sabbaguṇaseṭṭhattā mūlattā ca ekameva vuttaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taggahaṇena sesāpi gahitāva sahacaraṇalakkhaṇenā’’ti ca vadanti. Visesato panettha abhidhammassa kevalaṃ paññāvisayattā abhidhammaṭṭhakathārambhe ācariyena ‘‘karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino’’ti paññāguṇo vaṇṇito tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayacaayādhimuttibhedānurūpaparicchindanapaññāya, sattesu mahākaruṇāya ca adhikārattā. Suttantaṭṭhakathārambhe ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti bhagavato ubhopi paññākaruṇāguṇā vaṇṇitā. Idha pana vinaye āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenāpi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto, apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto, avattabbārahañca vadanto sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāguṇoyeveko vaṇṇitoti veditabbo.

Paññādayā attaparatthahetū,

Tadanvayā sabbaguṇā jinassa;

Ubho guṇā te guṇasāgarassa,

Vuttā idhācariyavarena tasmā.

Ettāvatā aṭṭhakathādigāthā,

Samāsato vuttapadatthasobhā;

Ayampi vitthāranayoti cāhaṃ,

Uddhaṃ ito te paṭisaṃkhipāmi.

Dutiyagāthāya asambudhanti dhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvaṃ abujjhanto. Buddhanisevitanti buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhehi gocarabhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ. Bhavā bhavanti vattamānabhavato aññaṃ bhavaṃ gacchati upagacchati, paṭipajjatīti attho. Atha vā bhavoti sassatadiṭṭhi. Tassa paṭipakkhattā abhavoti ucchedadiṭṭhi. Bhavoti vā vuddhi. Abhavoti hāni. Bhavoti vā duggati. Abhavoti sugati. ‘‘Appamāṇā dhammā, asekkhā dhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. tikamātikā 13, 11) viya hi vuddhiatthattā akārassa. Bhāvayatīti bhavo, jāti. Bhavatīti vā bhavo. Savikārā bahuvidhakhandhuppatti dīpitā. Abhavoti vināso, jātibhāvaṃ maraṇabhāvañca gacchatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha arahantānaṃ maraṇampi khaṇikavasena gahetabbaṃ. Bhavesu abhavo bhavābhavo, taṃ bhavābhavaṃ, bhavesu abhāvapaññattiṃ gacchatīti attho. Jīvalokoti sattaloko, saṅkhāralokaokāsalokānaṃ bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato sattalokaṃ jīvalokoti viseseti. Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsinoti ettha navapi lokuttaradhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti. Apacayagāmitā hi catumaggadhammassa odhiso avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃso, so assa atthi, tadārammaṇaṃ hutvā tattha sahāyabhāvūpagamanena nibbānassāpi. Yathāha ‘‘yo kho, āvuso, rāgakkhayo…pe… idaṃ vuccati nibbāna’’nti. Arahattassāpi tathā rāgādikkhayavacanasabbhāvato. Phalasāmaññena tiṇṇampi phalānaṃ atthīti navavidhopesa ‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī’’ti vuccati. Atha vā sahacaraṇalakkhaṇakaāraṇatāya paṭipakkhagocaraggahaṇatā. Anabhihitopi hi dhammassa tatrābhihitova bujjhitabbo iti vacanato kāraṇagocaraggahaṇena cattāripi phalāni gahitāni. Narakādīsu apatamānaṃ dhāreti sugatiyaṃ uppādanenāti dhammo. Puna sugatimhi ajananakārī akusaladhamme nivāretvā poseti pavatteti vaḍḍhetīti dhammo. So pana kāmarūpārūpabhedato tividho accantasukhāvahanato, tatopi uttamattā dhammavaro.

Etthāha – ‘‘catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsarita’nti (dī. ni. 2.155; mahāva. 287) vacanato catusaccadhammaṃ asambudhaṃ bhavā bhavaṃ gacchati jīvalokoti siddhaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ asambudhaṃ gacchati, tasseva ‘‘tassā’’ti ante taṃniddesena niyamanato catusaccadhammopi avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī dhammavaroti cāpajjati. Aññathā ‘‘namo avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino dhammavarassa tassā’’ti taṃniddesena samānavibhattikaraṇaṃ na yujjati atippasaṅganiyamanato, ‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino dhammavarassā’’ti vacanaṃ visesanavacanaṃ. Tasmā dukkhasamudayasaccānaṃ tabbhāvappasaṅgo natthīti ce? Na, taṃniddesena samānavibhattiṭṭhāne avisesitattā. Api ca maggasaccanirodhasaccesu phalānaṃ apariyāpannattā nava lokuttaradhammā saṅgahitāti vacanavirodho, phalānaṃ asaṅgahe verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanāyaṃ na kevalaṃ ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca, api ca ariyaphaladhammehi saddhiṃ pariyattidhammopi. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ…pe… dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti (vi. va. 887) vacanavirodho cāti pubbāparaviruddhā esā gāthā sāsanaviruddhā cā’’ti? Vuccate – sabbametamayuttaṃ vuttagāthatthājānanato. Ettha hi ācariyena pavattipavattihetuvisayavibhāgo ca dassito. Kathaṃ? Tattha asambudhanti asambodho, so atthato avijjā, tāya ca taṇhupādānāni gahitāni, tayopi te dhammā samudayasaccaṃ, bhavābhavanti ettha dukkhasaccaṃ vuttaṃ. Sugatiduggatippabhedo hi bhavo atthato pañcupādānakkhandhā honti. ‘‘Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti (mahāva. 1) vacanato dukkhappavatti pavatti nāma, dukkhasamudayo pavattihetu nāma, avijjāsaṅkhātassa ca pavattihetussa aggahitaggahaṇena nirodhamaggasaccadvayaṃ visayo nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘tattha katamā avijjā? Dukkhe aññāṇaṃ…pe… dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇa’’nti (vibha. 226).

Ettha ca nirodhasaccaṃ buddhena gocarāsevanāya āsevitaṃ, maggasaccaṃ bhāvanāsevanāya. Ettāvatā asambudhaṃ buddhanisevitaṃ yanti upayogappatto yo visayo nirodho ca maggo ca, tassa yathāvuttāvijjādikilesajālattayaviddhaṃsino namo dhammavarassāti ayaṃ gāthāya attho. Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa suttantanayena upanissayapaccayattā kilesaviddhaṃsanasīlatāya ‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī’’ti vattuṃ sambhavati. Evañhi sati rāgavirāgāti gāthattho, so dhammaṃ deseti…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetīti suttattho ca asesato gahito hoti. Atha vā imāya gāthāya kevalaṃ pariyattidhammova gahito hoti, yaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘so dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.190; pārā. 1), tampi asambudhaṃ buddheheva nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanāya anaññanisevitaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā…pe… bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.146).

Tatiyagāthāya sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ labbhanti, tathāpi ante ‘‘ariyasaṅgha’’nti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāva. Ettha ca ‘‘sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇappabhutīhī’’ti vattabbe sarūpekasesaṃ katvā ‘‘vimuttiñāṇappabhutīhī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca kiñcāpi vimuttīti phaladhammāva sutte adhippetā, tathāpi ‘‘maggā vuṭṭhahitvā maggaṃ paccavekkhati. Pahīne kilese paccavekkhati. Phalaṃ paccavekkhati. Nibbānaṃ paccavekkhatī’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.410) vacanato maggādipaccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ vimuttiñāṇanti veditabbaṃ. Vimutti vimokkho khayoti hi atthato ekaṃ. ‘‘Khaye ñāṇaṃ anuppāde ñāṇanti (dha. sa. dukamātikā 142; dī. ni. 3.304) ettha khayo nāma maggo, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayoti phalanibbānānaṃ adhivacana’’nti sutte āgatameva. Pahīnakilesānaṃ khayo pākatiko khayo eva. Pabhuti-saddena tisso vijjā cha abhiññā catasso paṭisambhidāti evamādayo guṇā saṅgahitā. Samannāgamaṭṭhena aparihīnaṭṭhena ca yutto. Khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikānanti ‘‘anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti suttato kusalassa viruhanaṭṭhānattā, suttantanayena upanissayapaccayattā ca kāmaṃ kusalassa khettaṃ hoti saṅgho, na kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ. Tasmā na yujjatīti ce? Na, suttatthasambhavato. Sutte ‘‘anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341) hi vuttaṃ. Kassa lokassa? Puññatthikassa khettaṃ saṅgho, puññupanissayattā puññakkhettaṃ hoti saṅgho, kusalatthikānanti ca vuccanti. Lokepi hi devadattassa khettaṃ yaññadattassa khettaṃ sāliyavupanissayattā sālikhettaṃ yavakhettanti ca vuccati. Ariyasaṅghanti vigatakilesattā ariyaṃ parisuddhaṃ ariyānaṃ, ariyabhāvaṃ vā pattaṃ sīladiṭṭhisāmaññena saṅghatattā saṅghaṃ. ‘‘Ariya-saddena sammutisaṅghaṃ nivāretī’’ti keci likhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ vimuttiñāṇaguṇaggahaṇena visesitattā. Sirasāti iminā kāmaṃ kāyanatiṃ dasseti, tathāpi uttamasaṅghe guṇagāravena uttamaṅgameva niddisanto ‘‘sirasā namāmī’’tyāha. Sirassa pana uttamatā uttamānaṃ cakkhusotindriyānaṃ nissayattā, tesaṃ uttamatā ca dassanānuttariyasavanānuttariyahetutāya veditabbā. Etthāha – anusandhikusalo

‘‘Upogghāto padañceva, padattho padaviggaho;

Codanāpratyavajjānaṃ, byākhyā tantassa chabbidhā’’ti. –

Evamavatvā kasmā ratanattayapaṇāmaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttanti? Vuccate – satācārattā. Ācāro kiresa sappurisānaṃ, yadidaṃ saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapūjāvidhānaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘satācārato bhaṭṭhā mā mayaṃ homā’’ti karīyati, catugambhīrabhāvayuttañca vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmassa mahāsamuddaṃ ogāhantassa viya paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatassāpi mahantaṃ bhayaṃ hoti, bhayakkhayāvahañcetaṃ ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇajanitaṃ paṇāmapūjāvidhānaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘evaṃ buddhaṃ sarantāna’’ntiādi (saṃ. ni. 1.249). Apicācariyo satthupūjāvidhānena asatthari satthābhinivesassa lokassa yathābhūtaṃ satthari eva sammāsambuddhe satthusambhāvanaṃ uppādeti, asatthari satthusambhāvanaṃ pariccajāpeti, ‘‘tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ attano dahatī’’ti vuttadosaṃ pariharati. Antarāyabahulattā khandhasantatiyā vippakatāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya attano āyuvaṇṇasukhabalānaṃ parikkhayasambhavāsaṅkāya ‘‘abhivādanasīlissa…pe… āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti (dha. pa. 109) vuttānisaṃse yāva saṃvaṇṇanāpariyosānā pattheti. Api cettha buddhassa bhagavato paṇāmapūjāvidhānaṃ sammāsambuddhabhāvādhigamatthaṃ buddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti. Lokiyalokuttarabhedassa, lokuttarasseva vā saddhammassa pūjāvidhānaṃ paccekabuddhabhāvādhigamatthaṃ paccekabuddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti. Saddhammapaṭivedhamattābhilāsino hi te. Paramatthasaṅghapūjāvidhānaṃ paramatthasaṅghabhāvādhigamatthaṃ sāvakayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti, maṅgalādīni vā sātthāni anantarāyāni ciraṭṭhitikāni bahumatāni ca bhavantīti evaṃladdhikānaṃ cittaparitosanatthaṃ ‘‘pūjā ca pūjaneyyāna’’nti bhagavatā pasatthamaṅgalaṃ karoti. Vuccate ca –

‘‘Maṅgalaṃ bhagavā buddho, dhammo saṅgho ca maṅgalaṃ;

Maṅgalādīni sātthāni, sīghaṃ sijjhanti sabbaso.

‘‘Satthu pūjāvidhānena, evamādī bahū guṇe;

Labhatīti vijānanto, satthupūjāparo siyā’’ti.

Ettha ca satthupadhānattā dhammasaṅghānaṃ pūjāvidhānaṃ satthupūjāvidhānamicceva daṭṭhabbaṃ sāsanato lokato ca. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Satthā’’ti dhammo sugatena vutto;

Nibbānakāle yamato sa satthā;

Suvatthigāthāsu ‘‘tathāgato’’ti;

Saṅgho ca vutto yamato sa satthā.

Kiñca bhiyyo –

Dhammakāyo yato satthā, dhammo satthā tato mato;

Dhammaṭṭhito so saṅgho ca, satthusaṅkhyaṃ nigacchati.

Santi hi loke vattāro kosagataṃ asiṃ gahetvā ṭhitaṃ purisaṃ visuṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘asiṃ gahetvā ṭhito eso’’ti. Tenevāha cāriyamātraccevā –

‘‘Namatthu buddharatnāya, dhammaratnāya te namo;

Namatthu saṅgharatnāya, tiratnasamavānayī’’ti.

Apica sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇanimittānuttaravimokkhapātubhāvābhisaṅkhātaṃ khandhasantānamupādāya ‘‘buddho’’ti yadi paññāpiyati, dhammo paṇāmārahoti kā eva kathā, saṅgho ca ‘‘saṅghe gotami dehi, saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā’’ti vuttattā bhājananti dīpeti. Atha vā ‘‘buddhasubodhito dhammo ācariyaparamparāya suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittatelamiva aparihāpetvā yāvajjatanā ābhatattā eva mādisānampi sotadvāramanuppatto’’ti saṅghassa ācariyo atīva ādarena paṇāmaṃ karoti ‘‘sirasā namāmī’’ti.

Evaṃ anekavidhaṃ paṇāmappayojanaṃ vadanti, ācariyena pana adhippetappayojanaṃ attanā eva vuttaṃ ‘‘iccevamaccantanamassaneyya’’ntiādinā catutthagāthāya. Iccevanti ettha iti-saddo ratanattayapūjāvidhānaparisamattattho. Yadi evaṃ yathāvihitamattameva pūjāvidhānaṃ arahati ratanattayaṃ, na tato uddhanti āpajjatīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘evamaccantanamassaneyya’’nti āha. Tattha evanti iminā yathāvuttavidhiṃ dasseti. Yathāvuttena vidhinā, aññena vā tādisena accantameva muhuttamapi aṭṭhatvā abhikkhaṇaṃ nirantaraṃ niyamena namassanārahaṃ namassamānassa hitamahapphalakaraṇatoti attho. Evaṃvidhaṃ dullabhaṭṭhena mahapphalaṭṭhena ca siddhaṃ ratanabhāvaṃ ratanattayaṃ namassamāno yaṃ puññābhisandaṃ alatthaṃ alabhiṃ. Akusalamalaṃ tadaṅgādippahānena punātīti puññaṃ. Kilesadarathappaṭippassaddhiyā sītalattā cittaṃ abhisandetīti abhisando. Puññañca taṃ abhisando cāti puññābhisando, taṃ puññābhisandaṃ. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘puññamahattaṃ’’nti bhaṇanti, ‘‘vipula’’nti vacanato so attho na yujjatīti ācariyo. Atha vā puññānaṃ abhisando puññābhisando , taṃ puññābhisandaṃ. Sanda savaneti dhātu. Tasmā puññasotaṃ puññussayanti attho yujjati, taṃ pana vipulaṃ, na parittanti dassitaṃ vipula-saddena.

Pañcamagāthā yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhite sakalaṃ tividhampi sāsanaṃ tesveva puggalesu patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti. Kassa sāsananti ce? Aṭṭhitassa bhagavato. Bhagavā hi ṭhitihetubhūtāya ucchedadiṭṭhiyā abhāvena aṭṭhitoti vuccati. Ucchedadiṭṭhiko hi paraloke nirapekkho kevalaṃ kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuñjanto tiṭṭhati, na paralokahitāni puññāni kattuṃ byāvaṭo hoti, sassatadiṭṭhiko tāni kattuṃ āyūhati. Bhagavā pana tathā atiṭṭhanto anāyūhanto majjhimaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjanto sayañca oghaṃ tari, pare ca tāresi. Yathāha ‘‘appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, anāyūhaṃ oghamatari’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.1). Catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa. Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamodito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti, tasmā imasmiṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘‘susaṇṭhitassā’’ti. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘manāpiye ca kho, bhikkhave, kammavipāke paccupaṭṭhite’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.35; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.386) suttassa, ‘‘susaṇṭhānā surūpatā’’ti (khu. pā. 8.11) suttassa ca vasena susaṇṭhitassāti attho vutto, so adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hoti. Amissanti kiṃ vinayaṃ amissaṃ, udāhu pubbācariyānubhāvanti? Nobhayampi. Amissā eva hi vinayaṭṭhakathā. Tasmā bhāvanapuṃsakavasena amissaṃ taṃ vaṇṇayissanti sambandho. Pubbācariyānubhāvanti aṭṭhakathā ‘‘yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsū’’ti vacanato tesaṃ ānubhāvo nāma hoti. Kiñci apubbaṃ disvā santi hi loke vattāro ‘‘kassesa ānubhāvo’’ti. Atha vā bhagavato adhippāyaṃ anugantvā taṃtaṃpāṭhe atthaṃ bhāvayati vibhāvayati, tassa tassa vā atthassa bhāvanā vibhāvanāti ānubhāvo vuccati aṭṭhakathā.

Pubbācariyānubhāve sati kiṃ puna taṃ vaṇṇayissanti iminā ārambhenāti tato vuccanti chaṭṭhasattamaṭṭhamanavamagāthāyo. Tattha ariyamaggañāṇambunā niddhotamalattā visuddhavijjehi, teneva niddhotāsavattā visuddhapaṭisambhidehi, visuddhapaṭisambhidattā ca saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehīti yojanā veditabbā. Keci ‘‘pubbācariyāti vutte lokācariyāpi, sāsane rāhulācariyādayopi saṅgayhanti, te apanetuṃ kāmañcātiādi vutta’’nti vadanti. ‘‘Taṃ vaṇṇayissa’’nti vuttattā pubbaṭṭhakathāya ūnabhāvo dassitoti ce? Na, cittehi nayehi saṃvaṇṇitoti dassetuṃ ‘‘kāmañcā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Saddhammaṃ saṃvaṇṇetuṃ kovidehi, tāya saṃvaṇṇanāya vā kovidehi saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehi.

Sallekhiyeti kilesajātaṃ bāhullaṃ vā sallikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho, sallekhassa bhāvo sallekhiyaṃ, tasmiṃ sallekhiye. Nosulabhūpamehīti asulabhūpamehi. Mahāvihārassāti mahāvihāravaṃsassa. Paññāya accuggataṭṭhena dhajo upamā etesanti dhajūpamā, tehi dhajūpamehi. Sambuddhavaraṃ anuayehi anugatehi sambuddhavaranvayehi, buddhādhippāyānugehīti adhippāyo. Idha vara-saddo ‘‘sāmaṃ saccāni buddhattā sambuddho’’ti vacanato paccekabuddhāpi saṅgayhanti. Tasmā te apanetuṃ vutto.

Aṭṭhakathāya ūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano karaṇavisesaṃ tassa payojanañca dassetuṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanā’’tiādimāha. Na kiñci atthaṃ abhisambhuṇātīti kiñci payojanaṃ phalaṃ hitaṃ na sādhetīti attho ‘‘na taṃ tassa bhikkhuno kiñci atthaṃ anubhotī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 538) viya. Ajjhesanaṃ buddhasirivhayassāti iminā yasmā sahampatibrahmunā ajjhiṭṭhena dhammo desito bhagavatā, sāriputtassa ajjhesanaṃ nissāya vinayo paññatto, tasmā ayampi ācariyo taṃ ācariyavattaṃ pūjento imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ buddhasirittherassa yācanaṃ nissāya akāsīti dasseti. Samanussarantoti tassābhāvaṃ dīpeti ādarañca.

Tato paraṃ dve gāthāyo kattabbavidhidassanatthaṃ vuttā. Tena tāsu aṭṭhakathāsu vuttavinicchayapaccayavimatiṃ vinodeti, ekaṭṭhakathāya kusalassa vā ‘‘ayaṃ nayo aṭṭhakathāyaṃ natthī’’ti paṭikkhepaṃ nivāreti, ayuttatthapariccāgena tattha abhiniviṭṭhānaṃ abhinivesaṃ pariccajāpeti, theravādadassanena vinayavinicchayaṃ pati vinayadharānaṃ kāraṇopapattito uhāpohakkamaṃ dasseti, ayuttattheravādapaṭikkhepena puggalappamāṇataṃ paṭikkhipatīti ime cānisaṃsā kattabbavidhidassanena dassitā honti. Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañca samārabhanto tassā saṃvaṇṇanāya mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ sarīraṃ katvā samārabhissaṃ, mahāpaccariyampi yo vutto vinicchayo, tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu loke vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu ca yo vutto vinicchayo, tatopi vinicchayato mahāaṭṭhakathānayena, vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamatthaṃ tassa sarīrassa alaṅkāraṃ viya gaṇhanto samārabhissaṃ. Kiṃ saṃvaṇṇanameva, na aññanti dassanatthaṃ puna saṃvaṇṇanāggahaṇaṃ. Atha vā antogadhattheravādaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ katvā samārabhissanti yojanā veditabbā. Theravādā hi bahiaṭṭhakathāya vicaranti. Ettha ādi-saddena cūḷapaccariandhakaariyaṭṭhakathāpannavārādayopi saṅgahitā . Tattha paccarī nāma sīhaḷabhāsāya uḷumpaṃ kira, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Kurundīvallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā kurundī nāma jātā.

Samma samārabhissanti kattabbavidhānaṃ sajjetvā ahaṃ ṭhito, tasmā taṃ me nisāmentūti gāthāya taṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ me mama, mayā vā vuccamānanti pāṭhaseso . Nisāmentu passantu paññācakkhunā suṇantu vā saddhāvīriyapītipāmojjābhisaṅkhārena saṅkharitvā pūjayantā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ. Kassa dhammaṃ? Dhammappadīpassa tathāgatassa. Kiṃ dasseti? Padīpaṭṭhāniyo hi dhammo hitāhitappakāsanato, padīpadharaṭṭhāniyo dhammadharo tathāgato, tasmā parinibbutepi tasmiṃ tathāgate tattha sokaṃ akatvā sakkacca dhammaṃ paṭimānayantā nisāmentūti dasseti. Atha vā ‘‘dhammakāyā tathāgatā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.118) vacanato dhammo ca so padīpo cāti dhammappadīpo, bhagavā.

Yo dhammavinayo yathā buddhena vutto, so tatheva buddhaputtehi sāvakehi ñāto avabuddho, yehi tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matiṃ adhippāyaṃ accajantā niravasesaṃ gaṇhantā. Pureti purā, porāṇattherā vā. Aṭṭhakathāti aṭṭhakathāyo, upayogabahuvacanaṃ.

Yaṃ atthajātaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbampi pamādalekhakānaṃ pamādalekhamattaṃ vajjayitvā. Kiṃ sabbesampi pamāṇaṃ? Na, kintu sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha vinayamhi paṇḍitānaṃ, mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ, taṃ pamādalekhanti veditabbaṃ. Pamādalekhaṃ vajjayitvā pamāṇaṃ hessatīti sambandho.

Tato cāti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaatthajātato tantikkamaṃ pāḷikkamaṃ. Suttantā suttāvayavā. Antoti hidaṃ abbhantarāvayavasambhāvanādīsu dissati. Suttantesu bhavā suttantikā, tesaṃ suttantikānaṃ, suttantaganthesu āgatavacanānanti attho. Atha vā amīyatīti anto, sādhīyatīti adhippāyo. Kena sādhīyati? Suttena, suttassa anto suttanto, ko so? So so atthavikappo, tasmiṃ suttante niyuttāni vacanāni suttantikāni. Tesaṃ suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ. Tassa tassa āgamasuttassa abhidhammavinayasuttassa cānurūpaṃ paridīpayantī, ayaṃ tāvettha samāsato atthavibhāvanā – ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādīnaṃ (saṃ. ni. 2.41; 5.479; a. ni. 6.10; pārā. 1) suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ āgamasuttantānurūpaṃ. ‘‘Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ siyā kusalaṃ siyā akusalaṃ siyā abyākata’’nti (cūḷava. 220) evamādīnaṃ abhidhammasuttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ abhidhammasuttantānurūpanti evamādi. Hessatīti bhavissati, karīyissatīti adhippāyo. Vaṇṇanāpīti ettha api-saddo sampiṇḍanattho, so tasmāti padena yojetabbo. Kathaṃ? Paṇḍitānaṃ pamāṇattāpi vitthāramaggassa samāsitattāpi vinicchayassa asesitattāpi tantikkamassa avokkamitattāpi suttantikavacanānaṃ suttantaṭṭhakathānurūpaṃ dīpanatopi tasmāpi sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti. Ettha ‘‘tantikkamaṃ avokkamitvā’’ti vacanena siddhepi ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyā verañjakaṇḍādīsu ‘suttantikānaṃ bhāro’ti gatā, mayaṃ pana vatvāva gamissāmā’’ti dassetuṃ ‘‘suttantikāna’’nti vuttaṃ kira.

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.