4. Aṭṭhipuñjasuttavaṇṇanā

24. Catutthe ekapuggalassāti ettha puggaloti ayaṃ vohārakathā. Buddhassa hi bhagavato duvidhā desanā sammutidesanā ca paramatthadesanā cāti. Tattha ‘‘puggalo, satto, itthī, puriso, khattiyo, brāhmaṇo, devo, māro’’ti evarūpā sammutidesanā. ‘‘Aniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ, anattā, khandhā, dhātu, āyatanā, satipaṭṭhānā’’ti evarūpā paramatthadesanā. Tattha bhagavā ye sammutivasena desanaṃ sutvā visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, nesaṃ sammutidesanaṃ deseti. Ye pana paramatthavasena desanaṃ sutvā visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ paramatthadesanaṃ deseti.

Tatthāyaṃ upamā – yathā hi desabhāsākusalo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanako ācariyo ye damiḷabhāsāya vutte atthaṃ jānanti, tesaṃ damiḷabhāsāya ācikkhati. Ye andhakabhāsādīsu aññatarāya, tesaṃ tāya tāya bhāsāya. Evaṃ te māṇavakā chekaṃ byattaṃ ācariyamāgamma khippameva sippaṃ uggaṇhanti. Tattha ācariyo viya buddho bhagavā, tayo vedā viya kathetabbabhāve ṭhitāni tīṇi piṭakāni, desabhāsākosallamiva sammutiparamatthakosallaṃ, nānādesabhāsā māṇavakā viya sammutiparamatthavasena paṭivijjhanasamatthā veneyyā, ācariyassa damiḷabhāsādiācikkhanaṃ viya bhagavato sammutiparamatthavasena desanā veditabbā. Āha cettha –

‘‘Duve saccāni akkhāsi, sambuddho vadataṃ varo;

Sammutiṃ paramatthañca, tatiyaṃ nūpalabbhati.

‘‘Saṅketavacanaṃ saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇā;

Paramatthavacanaṃ saccaṃ, dhammānaṃ bhūtakāraṇā.

‘‘Tasmā vohārakusalassa, lokanāthassa satthuno;

Sammutiṃ voharantassa, musāvādo na jāyatī’’ti.

Apica aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā puggalakathaṃ katheti – hirottappadīpanatthaṃ, kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ, paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ, , ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ, brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ, pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ, dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ, lokasammutiyā appahānatthaṃ, cāti. ‘‘Khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappantī’’ti hi vutte mahājano na jānāti, sammohaṃ āpajjati, paṭisattu vā hoti – ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Itthī hiriyati ottappati, puriso, khattiyo, brāhmaṇo, devo, māro’’ti pana vutte jānāti, na sammohaṃ āpajjati, na paṭisattu vā hoti. Tasmā bhagavā hirottappadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā kammassakā, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā kammassakatādīpanatthampi puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Veḷuvanādayo mahāvihārā khandhehi kārāpitā, dhātūhi āyatanehī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tathā ‘‘khandhā mātaraṃ jīvitā voropenti, pitaraṃ, arahantaṃ, ruhiruppādakammaṃ, saṅghabhedakammaṃ karonti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. ‘‘Khandhā mettāyanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. ‘‘Khandhā pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ pubbenivāsadīpanatthañca puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā dānaṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi mahājano na jānāti, sammohaṃ āpajjati, paṭisattu vā hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhā dhātuyo āyatanāni paṭiggaṇhanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Puggalā paṭiggaṇhantī’’ti pana vutte jānāti, na sammohaṃ āpajjati, na paṭisattu vā hoti. Tasmā bhagavā dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

Lokasammutiñca buddhā bhagavanto na pajahanti, lokasamaññāya lokaniruttiyā lokābhilāpe ṭhitāyeva dhammaṃ desenti. Tasmā bhagavā lokasammutiyā appahānatthampi puggalakathaṃ katheti. So idhāpi lokavohāravasena desetabbamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘ekapuggalassā’’tiādimāha.

Tattha ekapuggalassāti ekasattassa. Kappanti mahākappaṃ. Yadipi accantasaṃyoge idaṃ upayogavacanaṃ, yattha pana sattānaṃ sandhāvanaṃ saṃsaraṇaṃ sambhavati, tassa vasena gahetabbaṃ. Aṭṭhikaṅkaloti aṭṭhibhāgo. ‘‘Aṭṭhikhalo’’tipi paṭhanti, aṭṭhisañcayoti attho. Aṭṭhipuñjoti aṭṭhisamūho. Aṭṭhirāsīti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘kaṭippamāṇato heṭṭhā samūho kaṅkalo nāma, tato upari yāva tālappamāṇaṃ puñjo, tato upari rāsī’’ti vadanti. Taṃ tesaṃ matimattaṃ. Sabbametaṃ samūhasseva pariyāyavacanaṃ vepullasseva upamābhāvena āhaṭattā.

Sace saṃhārako assāti avippakiraṇavasena saṃharitvā ṭhapetā koci yadi siyāti parikappanavasena vadati. Sambhatañca na vinasseyyāti tathā kenaci sambhatañca taṃ aṭṭhikaṅkalaṃ antaradhānābhāvena pūtibhūtaṃ cuṇṇavicuṇṇañca ahutvā sace na vinasseyyāti parikappanavaseneva vadati. Ayañhettha attho – bhikkhave, ekassa sattassa kammakilesehi aparāparuppattivasena ekaṃ mahākappaṃ sandhāvantassa saṃsarantassa evaṃ mahāaṭṭhisañcayo bhaveyya, ārohapariṇāhehi yattakoyaṃ vepullapabbato. Sace panassa koci saṃharitvā ṭhapetā bhaveyya, sambhatañca taṃ sace avinassantaṃ tiṭṭheyyāti. Ayañca nayo nibbutappadīpe viya bhijjanasabhāve kaḷevaranikkheparahite opapātikattabhāve sabbena sabbaṃ anaṭṭhike ca khuddakattabhāve vajjetvā vutto. Keci pana ‘‘parikappanavasena imassa nayassa āhaṭattā tesampi yadi siyā aṭṭhikaṅkalo, tenāpi saheva ayaṃ aṭṭhipuñjaparimāṇo vutto’’ti vadanti. Apare pana ‘‘nayidamevaṃ labbhamānasseva aṭṭhipuñjassa vasena sabbaññutaññāṇena paricchinditvā imassa parimāṇassa vuttatā. Tasmā vuttanayeneva attho gahetabbo’’ti.

Gāthāsu mahesināti mahante sīlakkhandhādayo esati gavesatīti mahesī, sammāsambuddho. ‘‘Iti vuttaṃ mahesinā’’ti ca bhagavā ‘‘dasabalasamannāgato, bhikkhave, tathāgato’’tiādīsu viya attānaṃ aññaṃ viya katvā dasseti. Vepulloti rājagahaṃ parivāretvā ṭhitesu pañcasu pabbatesu vipulabhāvato vepulloti laddhanāmo. Tato eva mahā, ṭhitadisābhāgavasena uttaro gijjhakūṭassa. Giribbajeti giribbajapuranāmakassa rājagahassa samīpe.

Ettāvatā bhagavā ‘‘ettakenāpi kālena anupacchinnabhavamūlassa apariññātavatthukassa puthujjanassa ayamīdisī kaṭasivaḍḍhanā’’ti vaṭṭe ādīnavaṃ dassetvā idāni yesaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā andhaputhujjanassa evaṃ kaṭasivaḍḍhanā, tāni ariyasaccāni diṭṭhavato ariyapuggalassa ayaṃ natthīti dassento ‘‘yato ca ariyasaccānī’’tiādimāha.

Tattha yatoti yadā. Ariyasaccānīti araṇīyato ariyāni, avitathabhāvena saccāni cāti ariyasaccāni, ariyabhāvakarāni vā saccāni ariyasaccāni, ariyehi vā buddhādīhi paṭivijjhitabbāni saccāni ariyasaccāni. Atha vā ariyassa saccāni ariyasaccāni. Sadevakena hi lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato ariyo bhagavā, tena sayambhuñāṇena diṭṭhattā tassa saccānīti ariyasaccāni. Sammappaññāya passatīti sammā hetunā ñāyena vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayavasena passati. Dukkhantiādi ariyasaccānaṃ sarūpadassanaṃ. Tattha anekūpaddavādhiṭṭhānatāya kucchitabhāvato bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattavirahena tucchabhāvato ca dukkhaṃ. Dukkhaṃ samuppajjati etenāti dukkhasamuppādo, dukkhasamudayo. Dukkhaṃ atikkamati etena ārammaṇappaccayabhūtena, ettha vāti dukkhassa atikkamo, nibbānaṃ. Ārakattā kilesehi araṇīyato ca ariyo. Sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgiko. Mārento kilese gacchati, nibbānatthikehi maggīyati, sayaṃ vā nibbānaṃ maggatīti maggo. Tato eva dukkhassa upasamaṃ nirodhaṃ gacchatīti dukkhūpasamagāmī. Yato sammappaññāya passatīti sambandho.

Sasattakkhattuṃ paramaṃ, sandhāvitvāna puggaloti so evaṃ catusaccadassāvī ariyapuggalo sotāpanno sabbamudindriyo samāno sattavāraparamaṃyeva bhavādīsu aparāparuppattivasena sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā. Ekabījī, kolaṃkolo, sattakkhattuparamoti indriyānaṃ tikkhamajjhimamudubhāvena tayo hi sotāpannā. Tesu sabbamudindriyassa vasenidaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sa sattakkhattuṃ paramaṃ, sandhāvitvānā’’ti . Dukkhassantakaro hotīti vaṭṭadukkhassa antakaro pariyosānakaro hoti. Kathaṃ? Sabbasaṃyojanakkhayā anupubbena aggamaggaṃ adhigantvā niravasesānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ khepanāti arahattaphaleneva desanāya kūṭaṃ gaṇhi.

Catutthasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.