Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā

1. Idāni

‘‘Tenātiādipāṭhassa, atthaṃ nānappakārato;

Dassayanto karissāmi, vinayassatthavaṇṇana’’nti.

Vuttattā tena samayena buddho bhagavātiādīnaṃ atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – tenāti aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ. Tassa sarūpena avuttenapi aparabhāge atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso kātabbo. Aparabhāge hi vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto āyasmato sāriputtassa parivitakko siddho. Tasmā yena samayena so parivitakko udapādi, tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatīti evamettha sambandho veditabbo. Ayañhi sabbasmimpi vinaye yutti, yadidaṃ yattha yattha ‘‘tenā’’ti vuccati tattha tattha pubbe vā pacchā vā atthato siddhena ‘‘yenā’’ti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso kātabboti.

Tatridaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi, yena sudinno methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevi; yasmā paṭisevi, tasmā paññapessāmī’’ti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ tāva pubbe atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso yujjati. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati, yena samayena dhaniyo kumbhakāraputto rañño dārūni adinnaṃ ādiyīti evaṃ pacchā atthato siddhena yenāti iminā vacanena paṭiniddeso yujjatīti vutto tenāti vacanassa attho. Samayenāti ettha pana samayasaddo tāva –

Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetu-diṭṭhisu;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati.

Tathā hissa – ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.447) evamādīsu samavāyo attho. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti (a. ni. 8.29) evamādīsu khaṇo. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’ti (pāci. 358) evamādīsu kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’nti evamādīsu samūho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te, bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi – ‘bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati – bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ti ayampi kho te, bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.135) evamādīsu hetu. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggahamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.260) evamādīsu diṭṭhi.

‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.129);

Evamādīsu paṭilābho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.28) evamādīsu pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.8) evamādīsu paṭivedho attho. Idha panassa kālo attho. Tasmā yena kālena āyasmato sāriputtassa vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto parivitakko udapādi, tena kālenāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Etthāha – ‘‘atha kasmā yathā suttante ‘ekaṃ samaya’nti upayogavacanena niddeso kato, abhidhamme ca ‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacara’nti bhummavacanena, tathā akatvā idha ‘tena samayenā’ti karaṇavacanena niddeso kato’’ti? Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Kathaṃ? Suttante tāva accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā brahmajālādīni suttantāni desesi, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi; tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha upayoganiddeso kato. Abhidhamme ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhiyati. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacanena niddeso kato. Idha pana hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi; tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha karaṇavacanena niddeso katoti veditabbo. Hoti cettha –

‘‘Upayogena bhummena, taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhiya;

Aññatra samayo vutto, karaṇeneva so idhā’’ti.

Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘ekaṃ samaya’nti vā ‘yasmiṃ samaye’ti vā ‘tena samayenā’ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummameva attho’’ti. Tasmā tesaṃ laddhiyā ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti vuttepi ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye’’ti attho veditabbo.

Buddho bhagavāti imesaṃ padānaṃ parato atthaṃ vaṇṇayissāma. Verañjāyaṃ viharatīti ettha pana verañjāti aññatarassa nagarassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tassaṃ verañjāyaṃ; samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ. Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpanametaṃ, idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesuairiyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ, tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā ‘‘viharatī’’ti vuccati.

Naḷerupucimandamūleti ettha naḷeru nāma yakkho, pucimandoti nimbarukkho, mūlanti samīpaṃ. Ayañhi mūlasaddo ‘‘mūlāni uddhareyya antamaso usīranāḷimattānipī’’ti (a. ni. 4.195) -ādīsu mūlamūle dissati. ‘‘Lobho akusalamūla’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305) -ādīsu asādhāraṇahetumhi. ‘‘Yāva majjhanhike kāle chāyā pharati, nivāte paṇṇāni patanti, ettāvatā rukkhamūla’’ntiādīsu samīpe. Idha pana samīpe adhippeto, tasmā naḷeruyakkhena adhiggahitassa pucimandassa samīpeti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. So kira pucimando ramaṇīyo pāsādiko anekesaṃ rukkhānaṃ ādhipaccaṃ viya kurumāno tassa nagarassa avidūre gamanāgamanasampanne ṭhāne ahosi. Atha bhagavā verañjaṃ gantvā patirūpe ṭhāne viharanto tassa rukkhassa samīpe heṭṭhābhāge vihāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti.

Tattha siyā yadi tāva bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharati, ‘‘naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti na vattabbaṃ, atha tattha viharati, ‘‘verañjāya’’nti na vattabbaṃ, na hi sakkā ubhayattha teneva samayena apubbaṃ acarimaṃ viharitunti? Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, nanu avocumha ‘‘samīpatthe bhummavacana’’nti. Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘gaṅgāya caranti, yamunāya carantī’’ti vuccanti; evamidhāpi yadidaṃ verañjāya samīpe naḷerupucimandamūlaṃ tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti. Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa verañjāvacanaṃ. Pabbajitānurūpanivāsanaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ naḷerupucimandamūlavacanaṃ.

Tattha verañjākittanena āyasmā upālitthero bhagavato gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dasseti, naḷerupucimandamūlakittanena pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ, tathā purimena paccayaggahaṇato attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ, pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato kāmasukhallikānuyogavivajjanupāyadassanaṃ; purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyogaṃ, pacchimena vivekādhimuttiṃ; purimena karuṇāya upagamanaṃ , pacchimena paññāya apagamanaṃ; purimena sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttataṃ, pacchimena parahitasukhakaraṇe nirupalepanaṃ; purimena dhammikasukhāpariccāganimittaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ, pacchimena uttarimanussadhammānuyoganimittaṃ; purimena manussānaṃ upakārabahulataṃ, pacchimena devatānaṃ; purimena loke jātassa loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ, pacchimena lokena anupalittataṃ; purimena ‘‘ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti (a. ni. 1.170) vacanato yadatthaṃ bhagavā uppanno tadatthaparinipphādanaṃ, pacchimena yattha uppanno tadanurūpavihāraṃ. Bhagavā hi paṭhamaṃ lumbinīvane, dutiyaṃ bodhimaṇḍeti lokiyalokuttarāya uppattiyā vaneyeva uppanno, tenassa vaneyeva vihāraṃ dassetīti evamādinā nayenettha atthayojanā veditabbā.

Mahatābhikkhusaṅghena saddhinti ettha mahatāti guṇamahattenapi mahatā; saṅkhyāmahattenapi, so hi bhikkhusaṅgho guṇehipi mahā ahosi, yasmā yo tattha pacchimako so sotāpanno; saṅkhyāyapi mahā pañcasatasaṅkhyattā. Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghena bhikkhusaṅghena; diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅkhātasaṅghātena samaṇagaṇenāti attho. Saddhinti ekato. Pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehīti pañca mattā etesanti pañcamattāni. Mattāti pamāṇaṃ vuccati. Tasmā yathā ‘‘bhojane mattaññū’’ti vutte bhojane mattaṃ jānāti, pamāṇaṃ jānātīti attho hoti; evamidhāpi tesaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañca mattā pañcappamāṇanti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Bhikkhūnaṃ satāni bhikkhusatāni, tehi pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Etena yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhi’’nti, ettha tassa mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa saṅkhyāmahattaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Parato panassa ‘‘nirabbudo hi, sāriputta bhikkhusaṅgho nirādīnavo apagatakāḷako suddho sāre patiṭṭhito. Imesañhi, sāriputta, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ yo pacchimako so sotāpanno’’ti vacanena guṇamahattaṃ āvibhavissati.

Assosi kho verañjo brāhmaṇoti assosīti suṇi upalabhi, sotadvārasampattavacananigghosānusārena aññāsi. Khoti padapūraṇamatte avadhāraṇatthe vā nipāto. Tattha avadhāraṇatthena assosi eva, nāssa koci savanantarāyo ahosīti ayamattho veditabbo. Padapūraṇena pana byañjanasiliṭṭhatāmattameva. Verañjāyaṃ jāto, verañjāyaṃ bhavo, verañjā vā assa nivāsoti verañjo. Mātāpitūhi katanāmavasena panāyaṃ ‘‘udayo’’ti vuccati. Brahmaṃ aṇatīti brāhmaṇo, mante sajjhāyatīti attho. Idameva hi jātibrāhmaṇānaṃ niruttivacanaṃ. Ariyā pana bāhitapāpattā ‘‘brāhmaṇā’’ti vuccanti.

Idāni yamatthaṃ verañjo brāhmaṇo assosi, taṃ pakāsento samaṇo khalu bho gotamotiādimāha. Tattha samitapāpattā samaṇoti veditabbo. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ – ‘‘bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo (dha. pa. 388), samitapāpattā samaṇoti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 265). Bhagavā ca anuttarena ariyamaggena samitapāpo, tenassa yathābhuccaguṇādhigatametaṃ nāmaṃ yadidaṃ samaṇoti. Khalūti anussavanatthe nipāto. Bhoti brāhmaṇajātikānaṃ jātisamudāgataṃ ālapanamattaṃ. Vuttampi hetaṃ –

‘‘Bhovādī nāmaso hoti, sace hoti sakiñcano’’ti. (Dha. pa. 396; su. ni. 625). Gotamoti bhagavantaṃ gottavasena parikitteti, tasmā ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo’’ti ettha samaṇo kira bho gotamagottoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Sakyaputtoti idaṃ pana bhagavato uccākulaparidīpanaṃ. Sakyakulā pabbajitoti saddhāpabbajitabhāvaparidīpanaṃ, kenaci pārijuññena anabhibhūto aparikkhīṇaṃyeva, taṃ kulaṃ pahāya saddhāya pabbajitoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tato paraṃ vuttatthameva. Taṃ kho panāti itthambhūtākhyānatthe upayogavacanaṃ, tassa kho pana bhoto gotamassāti attho. Kalyāṇoti kalyāṇaguṇasamannāgato; seṭṭhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kittisaddoti kitti eva, thutighoso vā.

Itipi so bhagavātiādīsu pana ayaṃ tāva yojanā – so bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavāti iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.

Idāni vinayadharānaṃ suttantanayakosallatthaṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya cittasampahaṃsanatthañca etesaṃ padānaṃ vitthāranayena vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Tasmā yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘so bhagavā itipi araha’’ntiādi; tattha ārakattā, arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so bhagavā arahanti veditabbo. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi suvidūravidūre ṭhito, maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti ārakattā arahaṃ; te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhipuññādiabhisaṅkhārāraṃ jarāmaraṇanemi āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālappavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ, tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakaraṃ ñāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti arānaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.

Atha vā saṃsāracakkanti anamataggasaṃsāravaṭṭaṃ vuccati, tassa ca avijjā nābhi, mūlattā; jarāmaraṇaṃ nemi, pariyosānattā; sesā dasa dhammā arā, avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā ca. Tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ avijjā, kāmabhave ca avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave avijjā rūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Arūpabhave avijjā arūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saṅkhārā kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇassa paccayā honti. Esa nayo itaresu. Kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ kāmabhave nāmarūpassa paccayo hoti, tathā rūpabhave. Arūpabhave nāmasseva paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave nāmarūpaṃ kāmabhave saḷāyatanassa paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave nāmarūpaṃ rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ āyatanānaṃ paccayo hoti. Arūpabhave nāmaṃ arūpabhave ekassāyatanassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saḷāyatanaṃ kāmabhave chabbidhassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Rūpabhave tīṇi āyatanāni rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ phassānaṃ; arūpabhave ekamāyatanaṃ arūpabhave ekassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha phassā kāmabhave channaṃ vedanānaṃ paccayā honti. Rūpabhave tayo tattheva tissannaṃ; arūpabhave eko tattheva ekissā vedanāya paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha vedanā kāmabhave channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ paccayā honti. Rūpabhave tisso tattheva tiṇṇaṃ; arūpabhave ekā vedanā arūpabhave ekassa taṇhākāyassa paccayo hoti. Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā tassa tassa upādānassa paccayo; upādānādayo bhavādīnaṃ.

Kathaṃ? Idhekacco ‘‘kāme paribhuñjissāmī’’ti kāmupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ carati; duccaritapāripūriyā apāye upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇaṃ.

Aparo ‘‘saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti tatheva sucaritaṃ carati; sucaritapāripūriyā sagge upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.

Aparo pana ‘‘brahmalokasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti kāmupādānapaccayā eva mettaṃ bhāveti, karuṇaṃ… muditaṃ… upekkhaṃ bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā brahmaloke nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti soyeva nayo.

Aparo ‘‘arūpavabhasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī’’ti tatheva ākāsānañcāyatanādisamāpattiyo bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā tattha nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇanti. Esa nayo sesupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu.

Evaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ; atītampi addhānaṃ, anāgatampi addhānaṃ; avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa’’nti etena nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni. Tattha avijjā saṅkhārā eko saṅkhepo, viññāṇa-nāmarūpa-saḷāyatana-phassa-vedanā eko, taṇhupādānabhavā eko, jāti-jarā-maraṇaṃ eko. Purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā, dve majjhimā paccuppanno, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāgato. Avijjāsaṅkhāraggahaṇena cettha taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭaṃ; viññāṇādayo pañca dhammā etarahi vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā etarahi kammavaṭṭaṃ; jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā ime pañca dhammā āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Te ākārato vīsatividhā honti. Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhi, vedanātaṇhānamantarā eko, bhavajātīnamantarā eko. Iti bhagavā evaṃ catusaṅkhepaṃ, tiyaddhaṃ, vīsatākāraṃ, tisandhiṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati aññāti paṭivijjhati. Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā. Tena vuccati – ‘‘paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa’’nti. Iminā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇena bhagavā te dhamme yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā tesu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto vuttappakārassa imassa saṃsāracakkassa are hani vihani viddhaṃsesi. Evampi arānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ.

Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā ca cīvarādipaccaye arahati pūjāvisesañca; teneva ca uppanne tathāgate ye keci mahesakkhā devamanussā na te aññattha pūjaṃ karonti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi, yathābalañca aññepi devā manussā ca bimbisārakosalarājādayo. Parinibbutampi ca bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ visajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi. Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesānanti! Evaṃ paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ. Yathā ca loke keci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti; evamesa na kadāci karotīti pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ. Hoti cettha –

‘‘Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni;

Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho;

Na raho karoti pāpāni, arahaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti.

Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho. Tathā hesa sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, abhiññeyye dhamme abhiññeyyato buddho, pariññeyye dhamme pariññeyyato, pahātabbe dhamme pahātabbato, sacchikātabbe dhamme sacchikātabbato, bhāvetabbe dhamme bhāvetabbato. Teneva cāha –

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 563);

Apica cakkhu dukkhasaccaṃ, tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena taṃsamuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnamappavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evaṃ ekekapaduddhārenāpi sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho. Esa nayo sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāyamanesupi. Eteneva nayena rūpādīni cha āyatanāni, cakkhuviññāṇādayo cha viññāṇakāyā, cakkhusamphassādayo cha phassā, cakkhusamphassajādayo cha vedanā, rūpasaññādayo cha saññā, rūpasañcetanādayo cha cetanā, rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā, rūpavitakkādayo cha vitakkā, rūpavicārādayo cha vicārā , rūpakkhandhādayo pañcakkhandhā, dasa kasiṇāni, dasa anussatiyo, uddhumātakasaññādivasena dasa saññā, kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, kāmabhavādayo nava bhavā, paṭhamādīni cattāri jhānāni, mettābhāvanādayo catasso appamaññā, catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, paṭilomato jarāmaraṇādīni, anulomato avijjādīni paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca yojetabbāni.

Tatrāyaṃ ekapadayojanā – ‘‘jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, jāti samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnampi nissaraṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasacca’’nti. Evaṃ ekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho anubuddho paṭividdho. Tena vuttaṃ – sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddhoti.

Vijjāhi pana caraṇena ca sampannattā vijjācaraṇasampanno; tattha vijjāti tissopi vijjā, aṭṭhapi vijjā. Tisso vijjā bhayabheravasutte (ma. ni. 1.34 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā, aṭṭha vijjā ambaṭṭhasutte (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo). Tatra hi vipassanāñāṇena manomayiddhiyā ca saha cha abhiññā pariggahetvā aṭṭha vijjā vuttā. Caraṇanti sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānānīti ime pannarasa dhammā veditabbā. Imeyeva hi pannarasa dhammā, yasmā etehi carati ariyasāvako gacchati amataṃ disaṃ tasmā, caraṇanti vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.24) vitthāro. Bhagavā imāhi vijjāhi iminā ca caraṇena samannāgato, tena vuccati vijjācaraṇasampannoti . Tattha vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā, caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ. So sabbaññutāya sabbasattānaṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvā mahākāruṇikatāya anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojeti, yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tenassa sāvakā suppaṭipannā honti no duppaṭipannā, vijjācaraṇavipannānañhi sāvakā attantapādayo viya.

Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammāgatattā, sammā ca gadattā sugato. Gamanampi hi gatanti vuccati, tañca bhagavato sobhanaṃ parisuddhamanavajjaṃ . Kiṃ pana tanti? Ariyamaggo. Tena hesa gamanena khemaṃ disaṃ asajjamāno gatoti sobhanagamanattā sugato. Sundaraṃ cesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbānanti sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattāpi sugato. Sammā ca gato tena tena maggena pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto. Vuttañcetaṃ – ‘‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato…pe… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’ti (mahāni. 38). Sammā vā āgato dīpaṅkarapādamūlato pabhuti yāva bodhimaṇḍo tāva samatiṃsapāramipūritāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karonto sassataṃ ucchedaṃ kāmasukhaṃ attakilamathanti ime ca ante anupagacchanto āgatoti sammāgatattāpi sugato. Sammā cesa gadati, yuttaṭṭhāne yuttameva vācaṃ bhāsatīti sammā gadattāpi sugato.

Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ – ‘‘yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.86). Evaṃ sammā gadattāpi sugatoti veditabbo.

Sabbathā viditalokattā pana lokavidū. So hi bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Yathāha – ‘‘yattha kho, āvuso, na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ daṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmi; na cāhaṃ, āvuso, appatvāva lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Api cāhaṃ, āvuso, imasmiṃyeva byāmamatte kaḷevare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññapemi lokasamudayañca lokanirodhañca lokanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ.

‘‘Gamanena na pattabbo, lokassanto kudācanaṃ;

Na ca appatvā lokantaṃ, dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ.

‘‘Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho;

Lokantagū vusitabrahmacariyo;

Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā;

Nāsīsatī lokamimaṃ parañcā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.45; saṃ. ni. 1.107);

Apica tayo lokā – saṅkhāraloko, sattaloko, okāsalokoti; tattha ‘‘eko loko – sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo. ‘‘Sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.421) āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko.

‘‘Yāvatā candimasūriyā, pariharanti disā bhanti virocanā;

Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattatī vaso’’ti. (ma. ni. 1.503) –

Āgataṭṭhāne okāsaloko, tampi bhagavā sabbathā avedi. Tathā hissa – ‘‘eko loko – sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā – nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā – tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā – cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā – pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā – cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā – aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā – nava sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā – dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā – dvādasāyatanāni . Aṭṭhārasa lokā – aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112). Ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito.

Yasmā panesa sabbesampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye bhabbe abhabbe satte jānāti, tasmāssa sattalokopi sabbathā vidito. Yathā ca sattaloko evaṃ okāsalokopi. Tathā hesa ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasa satasahassāni tīṇi sahassāni cattāri satāni paññāsañca yojanāni. Parikkhepato –

Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsa parimaṇḍalaṃ;

Dasañceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni ca.

Tattha –

Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;

Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.

Tassā eva sandhārakaṃ –

Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca;

Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.

Tassāpi sandhārako –

Navasatasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato;

Saṭṭhi ceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti.

Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ –

Caturāsīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;

Accuggato tāvadeva, sinerupabbatuttamo.

Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ;

Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.

Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano;

Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo girī brahā.

Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato;

Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.

Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato;

Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato;

Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito.

Tipañcayojanakkhandha, parikkhepā nagavhayā;

Paññāsa yojanakkhandha, sākhāyāmā samantato.

Satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā;

Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito.

Dve asīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;

Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo;

Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito.

Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ, sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ, tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ; tathā asurabhavanaṃ, avīcimahānirayo, jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ; tathā pubbavideho. Uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojano, ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro; taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ , ekā lokadhātu, tadantaresu lokantarikanirayā. Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi, aññāsi, paṭivijjhi. Evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito. Evampi sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū.

Attano pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvā natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro. Tathā hesa sīlaguṇenāpi sabbaṃ lokamabhibhavati, samādhi…pe… paññā… vimutti… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi, sīlaguṇenāpi asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Yathāha – ‘‘na kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samanupassāmi sadevake loke samārake…pe… sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannatara’’nti vitthāro.

Evaṃ aggappasādasuttādīni (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘na me ācariyo atthī’’tiādikā gāthāyo (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) ca vitthāretabbā.

Purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathi, dameti vinetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha purisadammāti adantā dametuṃ yuttā tiracchānapurisāpi manussapurisāpi amanussapurisāpi. Tathā hi bhagavatā tiracchānapurisāpi apalāḷo nāgarājā, cūḷodaro, mahodaro, aggisikho, dhūmasikho, dhanapālako hatthīti evamādayo damitā, nibbisā katā, saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā. Manussapurisāpi saccakanigaṇṭhaputta-ambaṭṭhamāṇava-pokkharasāti-soṇadaṇḍakūṭadantādayo. Amanussapurisāpi āḷavaka-sūciloma-kharaloma-yakkha-sakkadevarājādayo damitā vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemī’’ti (a. ni. 4.111) idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Atha vā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttarimaggapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyeva.

Atha vā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ . Bhagavā hi tathā purisadamme sāreti, yathā ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā aṭṭha disā asajjamānā dhāvanti. Tasmā ‘‘anuttaro purisadammasārathī’’ti vuccati. ‘‘Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī’’ti idañcettha suttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.312) vitthāretabbaṃ.

Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Apica satthā viyāti satthā, bhagavā satthavāho. ‘‘Yathā satthavāho satthe kantāraṃ tāreti, corakantāraṃ tāreti, vāḷakantāraṃ tāreti, dubbhikkhakantāraṃ tāreti, nirudakakantāraṃ tāreti, uttāreti nittāreti patāreti khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpeti; evameva bhagavā satthā satthavāho satte kantāraṃ tāreti jātikantāraṃ tāretī’’tiādinā (mahāni. 190) niddesanayenapettha attho veditabbo.

Devamanussānanti daevānañca manussānañca ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasenetaṃ vuttaṃ, bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasena ca. Bhagavā pana tiracchānagatānampi anusāsanippadānena satthāyeva. Tepi hi bhagavato dhammasavanena upanissayasampattiṃ patvā tāya eva upanissayasampattiyā dutiye tatiye vā attabhāve maggaphalabhāgino honti. Maṇḍūkadevaputtādayo cettha nidassanaṃ. Bhagavati kira gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre campānagaravāsīnaṃ dhammaṃ desayamāne eko maṇḍūko bhagavato sare nimittaṃ aggahesi. Taṃ eko vacchapālako daṇḍamolubbha tiṭṭhanto tassa sīse sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsi. So tāvadeva kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti. Suttappabuddho viya ca tattha accharāsaṅghaparivutaṃ attānaṃ disvā ‘‘are, ahampi nāma idha nibbattosmi! Kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ akāsi’’nti āvajjento nāññaṃ kiñci addasa, aññatra bhagavato sare nimittaggāhā. So taāvadeva saha vimānena āgantvā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandi. Bhagavā jānantova pucchi –

‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;

Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti.

‘‘Maṇḍūkohaṃ pure āsiṃ, udake vārigocaro;

Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa, avadhi vacchapālako’’ti. (vi. va. 857-858);

Bhagavā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Devaputtopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya sitaṃ katvā pakkāmīti.

Yaṃ pana kiñci atthi ñeyyaṃ nāma, tassa sabbassa buddhattā vimokkhantikañāṇavasena buddho. Yasmā vā cattāri saccāni attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesi; tasmā evamādīhipi kāraṇehi buddho. Imassa catthassa viññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’ti evaṃ pavatto sabbopi niddesanayo (mahāni. 192) paṭisambhidānayo (paṭi. ma. 1.162) vā vitthāretabbo.

Bhagavāti idaṃ panassa guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;

Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Catubbidhañhi nāmaṃ – āvatthikaṃ, liṅgikaṃ, nemittikaṃ, adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma lokiyavohārena ‘‘yadicchaka’’nti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ‘‘vaccho dammo balibaddo’’ti evamādi āvatthikaṃ. ‘‘Daṇḍī chattī sikhī karī’’ti evamādi liṅgikaṃ. ‘‘Tevijjo chaḷabhiñño’’ti evamādi nemittikaṃ. ‘‘Sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhako’’ti evamādi vacanatthamanapekkhitvā pavattaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Idaṃ pana bhagavāti nāmaṃ nemittikaṃ, na mahāmāyāya na suddhodanamahārājena na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā – ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikāpaññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).

Yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –

‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti;

Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;

Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano;

Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti.

Niddese vuttanayeneva cettha tesaṃ tesaṃ padānamattho daṭṭhabbo.

Ayaṃ pana aparo nayo –

‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;

Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti.

Tattha vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyayoti etaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā ‘‘bhāgyavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ. Yasmā pana lobha-dosa-moha-viparītamanasikāra-ahirikānottappa-kodhūpanāha-makkha-paḷāsaissā-macchariya-māyāsāṭheyya-thambha-sārambha-mānātimāna-mada-pamāda-taṇhāvijjā tividhākusalamūla-duccarita-saṃkilesa-mala-visamasaññā-vitakka-papañca-catubbidhavipariyesaāsava-gantha-ogha-yogāgati-taṇhuppādupādāna-pañcacetokhīla-vinibandha-nīvaraṇābhinandanachavivādamūla-taṇhākāya-sattānusaya-aṭṭhamicchatta-navataṇhāmūlaka-dasākusalakama diṭṭhigata-aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabheda-sabbadaratha-pariḷāha-kilesasatasahassāni, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesa-abhisaṅkhārakhandhamaccu-devaputta-māre abhañji, tasmā bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati. Āha cettha –

‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;

Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Bhāgyavantatāya cassa satapuññajalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampattidīpitā hoti, bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyaparikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca sampayojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.

Yasmā ca loke issariya-dhamma-yasa-sirī-kāma-payattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo vattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimā laghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ atthi tathā lokuttaro dhammo lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso, rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī, yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchiticchi, tattha nipphattisaññito kāmo, sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi; tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi bhagā assa santīti iminā atthena bhagavāti vuccati.

Yasmā pana kusalādīhi bhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatana-dhātusacca-indriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷana-saṅkhata-santāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhamariyasaccaṃ, āyūhana-nidāna-saṃyoga-palibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhata-amataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyāna-hetu-dassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā vibhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati .

Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatappaṇihitānimittavimokkhe aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulamakāsi, tasmā bhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.

Yasmā pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanamanena vantaṃ, tasmā bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ, gamanasaddato gakāraṃ, vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya bhagavāti vuccati. Yathā loke ‘‘mehanassa khassa mālā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘mekhalā’’ti vuccati.

So imaṃ lokanti so bhagavā imaṃ lokaṃ. Idāni vattabbaṃ nidasseti. Sadevakanti saha devehi sadevakaṃ; evaṃ saha mārena samārakaṃ; saha brahmunā sabrahmakaṃ; saha samaṇabrāhmaṇehi sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ; pajātattā pajā, taṃ pajaṃ; saha devamanussehi sadevamanussaṃ. Tattha sadevakavacanena pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ, samārakavacanena chaṭṭhakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ, sabrahmakavacanena brahmakāyikādibrahmaggahaṇaṃ, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇīvacanena sāsanassa paccatthikapaccāmittasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇaṃ, samitapāpa-bāhitapāpa-samaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇañca, pajāvacanena sattalokaggahaṇaṃ, sadevamanussavacanena sammutidevaavasesamanussaggahaṇaṃ. Evamettha tīhi padehi okāsaloko, dvīhi pajāvasena sattaloko gahitoti veditabbo.

Aparo nayo – sadevakaggahaṇena arūpāvacaradevaloko gahito, samārakaggahaṇena chakāmāvacaradevalokā, sabrahmakaggahaṇena rūpībrahmaloko, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇādiggahaṇena catuparisavasena sammutidevehi vā saha manussaloko, avasesasabbasattaloko vā.

Apicettha sadevakavacanena ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato sabbassāpi lokassa sacchikatabhāvaṃ sādhento tassa bhagavato kittisaddo abbhuggato. Tato yesaṃ siyā – ‘‘māro mahānubhāvo chakāmāvacarissaro vasavattī; kiṃ sopi etena sacchikato’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto samārakanti abbhuggato. Yesaṃ pana siyā – ‘‘brahmā mahānubhāvo ekaṅguliyā ekasmiṃ cakkavāḷasahasse ālokaṃ pharati, dvīhi…pe… dasahi aṅgulīhi dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu ālokaṃ pharati, anuttarañca jhānasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, kiṃ sopi sacchikato’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto sabrahmakanti abbhuggato. Tato yesaṃ siyā – ‘‘puthūsamaṇabrāhmaṇā sāsanapaccatthikā, kiṃ tepi sacchikatā’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamanto sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajanti abbhuggato. Evaṃ ukkaṭṭhukkaṭṭhānaṃ sacchikatabhāvaṃ pakāsetvā atha sammutideve avasesamanusse ca upādāya ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena sesasattalokassa sacchikatabhāvaṃ pakāsento sadevamanussanti abbhuggato. Ayametthānusandhikkamo.

Sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetīti ettha pana sayanti sāmaṃ, aparaneyyo hutvā; abhiññāti abhiññāya, adhikena ñāṇena ñatvāti attho. Sacchikatvāti paccakkhaṃ katvā, etena anumānādipaṭikkhepo kato hoti. Pavedetīti bodheti ñāpeti pakāseti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ…pe… pariyosānakalyāṇanti so bhagavā sattesu kāruññataṃ paṭicca hitvāpi anuttaraṃ vivekasukhaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Tañca kho appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva deseti.

Kathaṃ? Ekagāthāpi hi samantabhadrakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo . Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathattāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathā paṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇo. Nāthappabhavattā ca pabhavasuddhiyā ādikalyāṇo, atthasuddhiyā majjhekalyāṇo , kiccasuddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Tasmā eso bhagavā appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva desetīti veditabbo.

Sātthaṃ sabyañjananti evamādīsu pana yasmā imaṃ dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti, nānānayehi dīpeti; tañca yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsana-vivaraṇa-vibhajana-uttānīkaraṇa-paññatti-atthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapada-byañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratā-paṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ; apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ; sikkhattayapariggahitattā brahmabhūtehi seṭṭhehi caritabbato tesañca cariyabhāvato brahmacariyaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti vuccati.

Apica yasmā sanidānaṃ sauppattikañca desento ādikalyāṇaṃ deseti, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ deseti. Evaṃ desento ca brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tañca paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittharaṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhaṃ, seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtānaṃ buddha-paccekabuddha-buddhasāvakānaṃ cariyato ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuccati. Tasmāpi ‘‘so dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti vuccati.

Sādhu kho panāti sundaraṃ kho pana atthāvahaṃ sukhāvahanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathārūpānaṃ arahatanti yathārūpo so bhava gotamo, evarūpānaṃ yathābhuccaguṇādhigamena loke arahantoti laddhasaddānaṃ arahataṃ. Dassanaṃ hotīti pasādasommāni akkhīni ummīlitvā ‘‘dassanamattampi sādhu hotī’’ti evaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ katvā atha kho verañjo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti.

2.Yenāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Tasmā yattha bhagavā tattha upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena, sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya. Upasaṅkamīti ca gatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Atha vā evaṃ gato tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti.

Bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodīti yathā khamanīyādīni pucchanto bhagavā tena, evaṃ sopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosi, sītodakaṃ viya uṇhodakena sammoditaṃ ekībhāvaṃ agamāsi. Yāya ca ‘‘kacci, bho, gotama, khamanīyaṃ; kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci bhoto gotamassa, ca sāvakānañca appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāro’’tiādikāya kathāya sammodi, taṃ pītipāmojjasaṅkhātaṃ sammodaṃ jananato sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ca sammodanīyaṃ. Atthabyañjanamadhuratāya sucirampi kālaṃ sāretuṃ nirantaraṃ pavattetuṃ araharūpato saritabbabhāvato ca sāraṇīyaṃ, suyyamānasukhato vā sammodanīyaṃ, anussariyamānasukhato sāraṇīyaṃ. Tathā byañjanaparisuddhatāya sammodanīyaṃ, atthaparisuddhatāya sāraṇīyanti. Evaṃ anekehi pariyāyehi sammodanīyaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ kathaṃ vītisāretvā pariyosāpetvā niṭṭhāpetvā yenatthena āgato taṃ pucchitukāmo ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Ekamantanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso ‘‘visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) viya. Tasmā yathā nisinno ekamantaṃ nisinno hoti tathā nisīdīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Nisīdīti upāvisi. Paṇḍitā hi purisā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ nisīdanti. Ayañca tesaṃ aññataro, tasmā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Kathaṃ nisinno pana ekamantaṃ nisinno hotīti? Cha nisajjadose vajjetvā. Seyyathidaṃ – atidūraṃ, accāsannaṃ, uparivātaṃ, unnatappadesaṃ, atisammukhaṃ, atipacchāti. Atidūre nisinno hi sace kathetukāmo hoti uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti. Accāsanne nisinno saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti. Uparivāte nisinno sarīragandhena bādhati. Unnatappadese nisinno agāravaṃ pakāseti. Atisammukhā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Atipacchā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayampi ete cha nisajjadose vajjetvā nisīdi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisīdī’’ti.

Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho verañjo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavocāti etanti idāni vattabbamatthaṃ dasseti. Dakāro padasandhikaro. Avocāti abhāsi. Sutaṃ metanti sutaṃ me etaṃ, etaṃ mayā sutanti idāni vattabbamatthaṃ dasseti. Bho gotamāti bhagavantaṃ gottena ālapati.

Idāni yaṃ tena sutaṃ – taṃ dassento na samaṇo gotamoti evamādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā – brāhmaṇeti jātibrāhmaṇe. Jiṇṇeti jajjarībhūte jarāya khaṇḍiccādibhāvaṃ āpādite. Vuḍḍheti aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ vuḍḍhimariyādappatte. Mahallaketi jātimahallakatāya samannāgate, cirakālappasuteti vuttaṃ hoti. Addhagateti addhānaṃ gate , dve tayo rājaparivaṭṭe atīteti adhippāyo. Vayo anuppatteti pacchimavayaṃ sampatte, pacchimavayo nāma vassasatassa pacchimo tatiyabhāgo.

Apica – jiṇṇeti porāṇe, cirakālappavattakulanvayeti vuttaṃ hoti. Vuḍḍheti sīlācārādiguṇavuḍḍhiyutte. Mahallaketi vibhavamahattatāya samannāgate mahaddhane mahābhoge. Addhagateti maggappaṭipanne, brāhmaṇānaṃ vatacariyādimariyādaṃ avītikkamma caramāne. Vayoanuppatteti jātivuḍḍhabhāvaṃ antimavayaṃ anuppatteti evamettha yojanā veditabbā.

Idāni abhivādetīti evamādīni ‘‘na samaṇo gotamo’’ti ettha vuttanakārena yojetvā evamatthato veditabbāni – ‘‘na vandati vā, nāsanā vuṭṭhahati vā, nāpi ‘idha bhonto nisīdantū’ti evaṃ āsanena vā upanimantetī’’ti. Ettha hi vā saddo vibhāvane nāma atthe, ‘‘rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’tiādīsu viya. Evaṃ vatvā atha attano abhivādanādīni akarontaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘tayidaṃ bho gotama tathevā’’ti. Yaṃ taṃ mayā sutaṃ – taṃ tatheva, taṃ savanañca me dassanañca saṃsandati sameti, atthato ekībhāvaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Na hi bhavaṃ gotamo…pe… āsanena vā nimantetī’’ti evaṃ attanā sutaṃ diṭṭhena nigametvā nindanto āha – ‘‘tayidaṃ bho gotama na sampannamevā’’ti taṃ abhivādanādīnaṃ akaraṇaṃ na yuttameva.

Athassa bhagavā attukkaṃsanaparavambhanadosaṃ anupagamma karuṇāsītalahadayena taṃ aññāṇaṃ vidhamitvā yuttabhāvaṃ dassetukāmo āha – ‘‘nāhaṃ taṃ brāhmaṇa…pe… muddhāpi tassa vipateyyā’’ti. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – ‘‘ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, appaṭihatena sabbaññutaññāṇacakkhunā olokentopi taṃ puggalaṃ etasmiṃ sadevakādibhede loke na passāmi, yamahaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā paccuṭṭheyyaṃ vā āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Anacchariyaṃ vā etaṃ, yvāhaṃ ajja sabbaññutaṃ patto evarūpaṃ nipaccakārārahaṃ puggalaṃ na passāmi. Apica kho yadāpāhaṃ sampatijātova uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gantvā sakalaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokesiṃ; tadāpi etasmiṃ sadevakādibhede loke taṃ puggalaṃ na passāmi, yamahaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā paccuṭṭheyyaṃ vā āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Atha kho maṃ soḷasakappasahassāyuko khīṇāsavamahābrahmāpi añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘tvaṃ loke mahāpuriso, tvaṃ sadevakassa lokassa aggo ca jeṭṭho ca seṭṭho ca, natthi tayā uttaritaro’’ti sañjātasomanasso patināmesi; tadāpi cāhaṃ attanā uttaritaraṃ apassanto āsabhiṃ vācaṃ nicchāresiṃ – ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassa, jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, seṭṭhohamasmi lokassā’’ti. Evaṃ sampatijātassapi mayhaṃ abhivādanādiraho puggalo natthi, svāhaṃ idāni sabbaññutaṃ patto kaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ vā…pe… āsanena vā nimanteyyaṃ. Tasmā tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, mā tathāgate evarūpaṃ nipaccakāraṃ patthayittha. Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato abhivādeyya vā…pe… āsanena vā nimanteyya, muddhāpi tassa puggalassa rattipariyosāne paripākasithilabandhanaṃ vaṇṭā pavuttatālaphalamiva gīvato pacchijjitvā sahasāva bhūmiyaṃ vipateyyāti.

3. Evaṃ vuttepi brāhmaṇo duppaññatāya tathāgatassa loke jeṭṭhabhāvaṃ asallakkhento kevalaṃ taṃ vacanaṃ asahamāno āha – ‘‘arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti. Ayaṃ kirassa adhippāyo – yaṃ loke abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ ‘‘sāmaggiraso’’ti vuccati, taṃ bhoto gotamassa natthi , tasmā arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo, arasajātiko arasasabhāvoti. Athassa bhagavā cittamudubhāvajananatthaṃ ujuvipaccanīkabhāvaṃ pariharanto aññathā tassa vacanassatthaṃ attani sandassento ‘‘atthi khvesa brāhmaṇa pariyāyo’’tiādimāha.

Tattha pariyāyoti kāraṇaṃ; ayañhi pariyāyasaddo desanā-vāra-kāraṇesu vattati. ‘‘Madhupiṇḍikapariyāyotveva naṃ dhārehī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.205) hi esa desanāyaṃ vattati. ‘‘Kassa nu kho, ānanda, ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditu’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.398) vāre. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā aññaṃ pariyāyaṃ ācikkhatu, yathāyaṃ bhikkhusaṅgho aññāya saṇṭhaheyyā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 164) kāraṇe. Svāyamidha kāraṇe vattati . Tasmā ettha evamattho daṭṭhabbo – atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, etaṃ kāraṇaṃ; yena kāraṇena maṃ ‘‘arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti vadamāno puggalo sammā vadeyya, avitathavādīti saṅkhyaṃ gaccheyya. Katamo pana soti? Ye te brāhmaṇa rūparasā…pe… phoṭṭhabbarasā te tathāgatassa pahīnāti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ye te jātivasena vā upapattivasena vā seṭṭhasammatānampi puthujjanānaṃ rūpārammaṇādīni assādentānaṃ abhinandantānaṃ rajjantānaṃ uppajjanti kāmasukhassādasaṅkhātā rūparasasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbarasā, ye imaṃ lokaṃ gīvāya bandhitvā viya āviñchanti, vatthārammaṇādisāmaggiyañca uppannattā sāmaggirasāti vuccanti, te sabbepi tathāgatassa pahīnāti. Mayhaṃ pahīnāti vattabbepi mamākārena attānaṃ anukkhipanto dhammaṃ deseti. Desanāvilāso vā esa bhagavato.

Tattha pahīnāti cittasantānato vigatā jahitā vā. Etasmiṃ panatthe karaṇe sāmivacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ariyamaggasatthena ucchinnaṃ taṇhāvijjāmayaṃ mūlametesanti ucchinnamūlā. Tālavatthu viya nesaṃ vatthu katanti tālāvatthukatā. Yathā hi tālarukkhaṃ samūlaṃ uddharitvā tassa vatthumatte tasmiṃ padese kate na puna tassa tālassa uppatti paññāyati; evaṃ ariyamaggasatthena samūle rūpādirase uddharitvā tesaṃ pubbe uppannapubbabhāvena vatthumatte cittasantāne kate sabbepi te ‘‘tālāvatthukatā’’ti vuccanti. Avirūḷhidhammattā vā matthakacchinnatālo viya katāti tālāvatthukatā. Yasmā pana evaṃ tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā honti, yathā nesaṃ pacchābhāvo na hoti, tathā katā honti; tasmā āha – ‘‘anabhāvaṃkatā’’ti. Ayañhettha padacchedo – anuabhāvaṃ katā anabhāvaṃkatāti. ‘‘Anabhāvaṃ gatā’’tipi pāṭho, tassa anuabhāvaṃ gatāti attho. Tattha padacchedo anuabhāvaṃ gatā anabhāvaṃ gatāti, yathā anuacchariyā anacchariyāti. Āyatiṃ anuppādadhammāti anāgate anuppajjanakasabhāvā. Ye hi abhāvaṃ gatā, te puna kathaṃ uppajjissanti? Tenāha – ‘‘anabhāvaṃ gatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā’’ti.

Ayaṃ kho brāhmaṇa pariyāyoti idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, kāraṇaṃ yena maṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya ‘‘arasarūpo samaṇo gotamo’’ti. No ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ sandhāya vadesīti yañca kho tvaṃ sandhāya vadesi, so pariyāyo na hoti. Kasmā pana bhagavā evamāha? Nanu evaṃ vutte yo brāhmaṇena vutto sāmaggiraso tassa attani vijjamānatā anuññātā hotīti. Vuccate, na hoti. Yo hi taṃ sāmaggirasaṃ kātuṃ bhabbo hutvā na karoti, so tadabhāvena arasarūpoti vattabbo bhaveyya. Bhagavā pana abhabbova etaṃ kātuṃ, tenassa karaṇe abhabbataṃ pakāsento āha – ‘‘no ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ sandhāya vadesī’’ti. Yaṃ pariyāyaṃ sandhāya tvaṃ maṃ ‘‘arasarūpo’’ti vadesi, so amhesu neva vattabboti.

4. Evaṃ brāhmaṇo attanā adhippetaṃ arasarūpataṃ āropetuṃ asakkonto athāparaṃ nibbhogo bhavaṃ gotamotiādimāha. Sabbapariyāyesu cettha vuttanayeneva yojanakkamaṃ viditvā sandhāya bhāsitamattaṃ evaṃ veditabbaṃ. Brāhmaṇo tameva vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanakammādiṃ loke sāmaggiparibhogoti maññamāno tadabhāvena bhagavantaṃ nibbhogoti āha. Bhagavā pana yvāyaṃ rūpādīsu sattānaṃ chandarāgaparibhogo tadabhāvaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.

5. Puna brāhmaṇo yaṃ loke vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanādikulasamudācārakammaṃ lokiyā karonti tassa akiriyaṃ sampassamāno bhagavantaṃ akiriyavādoti āha. Bhagavā pana, yasmā kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ akiriyaṃ vadati tasmā, taṃ akiriyavādaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tattha ca kāyaduccaritanti pāṇātipāta-adinnādāna-micchācāracetanā veditabbā. Vacīduccaritanti musāvāda-pisuṇavācā-pharusavācā-samphappalāpacetanā veditabbā. Manoduccaritanti abhijjhābyāpādamicchādiṭṭhiyo veditabbā. Ṭhapetvā te dhamme, avasesā akusalā dhammā ‘‘anekavihitā pāpakā akusalā dhammā’’ti veditabbā.

6. Puna brāhmaṇo tameva abhivādanādikammaṃ bhagavati apassanto imaṃ ‘‘āgamma ayaṃ lokatanti lokapaveṇī ucchijjatī’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ ucchedavādoti āha. Bhagavā pana yasmā aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatacittesu pañcakāmaguṇikarāgassa dvīsu akusalacittesu uppajjamānakadosassa ca anāgāmimaggena ucchedaṃ vadati. Sabbākusalasambhavassa pana niravasesassa mohassa arahattamaggena ucchedaṃ vadati. Ṭhapetvā te tayo, avasesānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ yathānurūpaṃ catūhi maggehi ucchedaṃ vadati; tasmā taṃ ucchedavādaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.

7. Puna brāhmaṇo ‘‘jigucchati maññe samaṇo gotamo idaṃ vayovuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanādikulasamudācārakammaṃ, tena taṃ na karotī’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ jegucchīti āha. Bhagavā pana yasmā jigucchati kāyaduccaritādīhi; kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ? Yañca tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ, yañca catubbidhaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ, yañca tividhaṃ manoduccaritaṃ, yā ca ṭhapetvā tāni duccaritāni avasesānaṃ lāmakaṭṭhena pāpakānaṃ akosallasambhūtaṭṭhena akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpatti samāpajjanā samaṅgibhāvo, taṃ sabbampi gūthaṃ viya maṇḍanakajātiyo puriso jigucchati hirīyati, tasmā taṃ jegucchitaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tattha ‘‘kāyaduccaritenā’’ti upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

8. Puna brāhmaṇo tameva abhivādanādikammaṃ bhagavati apassanto ‘‘ayaṃ imaṃ lokajeṭṭhakakammaṃ vineti vināseti, atha vā yasmā etaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ na karoti tasmā ayaṃ vinetabbo niggaṇhitabbo’’ti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ venayikoti āha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – vinayatīti vinayo, vināsetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Vinayo eva venayiko, vinayaṃ vā arahatīti venayiko, niggahaṃ arahatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavā pana, yasmā rāgādīnaṃ vinayāya vūpasamāya dhammaṃ deseti, tasmā venayiko hoti. Ayameva cettha padattho – vinayāya dhammaṃ desetīti venayiko. Vicitrā hi taddhitavutti! Svāyaṃ taṃ venayikabhāvaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti.

9. Puna brāhmaṇo yasmā abhivādanādīni sāmīcikammāni karontā vayovuḍḍhe tosenti hāsenti, akarontā pana tāpenti vihesenti domanassaṃ nesaṃ uppādenti, bhagavā ca tāni na karoti; tasmā ‘‘ayaṃ vayovuḍḍhe tapatī’’ti maññamāno sappurisācāravirahitattā vā ‘‘kapaṇapuriso aya’’nti maññamāno bhagavantaṃ tapassīti āha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – tapatīti tapo, roseti vihesetīti vuttaṃ hoti, sāmīcikammākaraṇassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Tapo assa atthīti tapassī. Dutiye atthavikappe byañjanāni avicāretvā loke kapaṇapuriso ‘‘tapassī’’ti vuccati. Bhagavā pana ye akusalā dhammā lokaṃ tapanato tapanīyāti vuccanti, tesaṃ pahīnattā yasmā tapassīti saṅkhyaṃ gato, tasmā taṃ tapassitaṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – tapantīti tapā, akusaladhammānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vuttampi hetaṃ – ‘‘idha tappati pecca tappatī’’ti. Tathā te tape assi nirassi pahāsi viddhaṃsesīti tapassī.

10. Puna brāhmaṇo taṃ abhivādanādikammaṃ devalokagabbhasampattiyā devalokapaṭisandhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattatīti maññamāno bhagavati cassa abhāvaṃ disvā bhagavantaṃ apagabbhoti āha. Kodhavasena vā bhagavato mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇe dosaṃ dassentopi evamāha. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – gabbhato apagatoti apagabbho, abhabbo devalokūpapattiṃ pāpuṇitunti adhippāyo. Hīno vā gabbho assāti apagabbho, devalokagabbhaparibāhirattā āyatiṃ hīnagabbhapaṭilābhabhāgīti, hīno vāssa mātukucchimhi gabbhavāso ahosīti adhippāyo. Bhagavato pana yasmā āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā apagatā, tasmā so taṃ apagabbhataṃ attani sampassamāno aparampi pariyāyaṃ anujānāti. Tatra ca yassa kho brāhmaṇa āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā punabbhavābhinibbatti pahīnāti etesaṃ padānaṃ evamattho daṭṭhabbo – brāhmaṇa, yassa puggalassa anāgate gabbhaseyyā, punabbhave ca abhinibbatti anuttarena maggena vihatakāraṇattā pahīnāti. Gabbhaseyyaggahaṇena cettha jalābujayoni gahitā. Punabbhavābhinibbattiggahaṇena itarā tissopi.

Apica gabbhassa seyyā gabbhaseyyā, punabbhavo eva abhinibbatti punabbhavābhinibbattīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yathā ca viññāṇaṭṭhitīti vuttepi na viññāṇato aññā ṭhiti atthi, evamidhāpi na gabbhato aññā seyyāti veditabbā. Abhinibbatti ca nāma yasmā punabbhavabhūtāpi apunabbhavabhūtāpi atthi, idha ca punabbhavabhūtā adhippetā. Tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘punabbhavo eva abhinibbatti punabbhavābhinibbattī’’ti.

11. Evaṃ āgatakālato paṭṭhāya arasarūpatādīhi aṭṭhahi akkosavatthūhi akkosantampi brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā dhammissaro dhammarājā dhammassāmī tathāgato anukampāya sītaleneva cakkhunā olokento yaṃ dhammadhātuṃ paṭivijjhitvā desanāvilāsappatto hoti, tassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā vigatavalāhake antalikkhe samabbhuggato puṇṇacando viya saradakāle sūriyo viya ca brāhmaṇassa hadayandhakāraṃ vidhamanto tāniyeva akkosavatthūni tena tena pariyāyena aññathā dassetvā, punapi attano karuṇāvipphāraṃ aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi akampiyabhāvena paṭiladdhaṃ, tādiguṇalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīsamacittataṃ akuppadhammatañca pakāsento ‘‘ayaṃ brāhmaṇo kevalaṃ palitasirakhaṇḍadantavalittacatādīhi attano vuḍḍhabhāvaṃ sañjānāti, no ca kho jānāti attānaṃ jātiyā anugataṃ jarāya anusaṭaṃ byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ maraṇena abbhāhataṃ vaṭṭakhāṇubhūtaṃ ajja maritvā puna sveva uttānasayanadārakabhāvagamanīyaṃ. Mahantena kho pana ussāhena mama santikaṃ āgato, tadassa āgamanaṃ sātthakaṃ hotū’’ti cintetvā imasmiṃ loke attano appaṭisamaṃ purejātabhāvaṃ dassento seyyathāpi brāhmaṇātiādinā nayena brāhmaṇassa dhammadesanaṃ vaḍḍhesi.

Tattha seyyathāti opammatthe nipāto; pīti sambhāvanatthe; ubhayenāpi yathā nāma brāhmaṇāti dasseti. Kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vāti ettha pana kiñcāpi kukkuṭiyā vuttappakārato ūnādhikānipi aṇḍāni honti, atha kho vacanasiliṭṭhatāya evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Evañhi loke siliṭṭhavacanaṃ hoti. Tānassūti tāni assu, bhaveyyunti vuttaṃ hoti. Kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitānīti tāya janettiyā kukkuṭiyā pakkhe pasāretvā tesaṃ upari sayantiyā sammā adhisayitāni. Sammā pariseditānīti kālena kālaṃ utuṃ gaṇhāpentiyā suṭṭhu samantato seditāni, usmīkatānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sammā paribhāvitānīti kālena kālaṃ suṭṭhu samantato bhāvitāni, kukkuṭagandhaṃ gāhāpitānīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Idāni yasmā tāya kukkuṭiyā evaṃ tīhi pakārehi tāni aṇḍāni paripāliyamānāni na pūtīni honti. Yopi nesaṃ allasineho so pariyādānaṃ gacchati. Kapālaṃ tanukaṃ hoti, pādanakhasikhā ca mukhatuṇḍakañca kharaṃ hoti, kukkuṭapotakā paripākaṃ gacchanti, kapālassa tanukattā bahiddhā āloko anto paññāyati. Atha te kukkuṭapotakā ‘‘ciraṃ vata mayaṃ saṅkuṭitahatthapādā sambādhe sayimha, ayañca bahi āloko dissati, ettha dāni no sukhavihāro bhavissatī’’ti nikkhamitukāmā hutvā kapālaṃ pādena paharanti, gīvaṃ pasārenti. Tato taṃ kapālaṃ dvedhā bhijjati, kukkuṭapotakā pakkhe vidhunantā taṅkhaṇānurūpaṃ viravantā nikkhamanti. Evaṃ nikkhamantānañca nesaṃ yo paṭhamataraṃ nikkhamati so ‘jeṭṭho’ti vuccati. Tasmā bhagavā tāya upamāya attano jeṭṭhakabhāvaṃ sādhetukāmo brāhmaṇaṃ pucchi – ‘‘yo nu kho tesaṃ kukkuṭacchāpakānaṃ…pe… kinti svassa vacanīyo’’ti. Tattha kukkuṭacchāpakānanti kukkuṭapotakānaṃ. Kinti svassa vacanīyoti so kinti vacanīyo assa, kinti vattabbo bhaveyya jeṭṭho vā kaniṭṭho vāti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.

Tato brāhmaṇo āha – ‘‘jeṭṭhotissa bho gotama vacanīyo’’ti. Bho, gotama, so jeṭṭho iti assa vacanīyo. Kasmāti ce? So hi nesaṃ jeṭṭho, tasmā so nesaṃ vuḍḍhataroti attho. Athassa bhagavā opammaṃ sampaṭipādento āha – ‘‘evameva kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇā’’tiādi. Yathā so kukkuṭacchāpako jeṭṭhoti saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; evaṃ ahampi avijjāgatāya pajāya. Avijjāgatāyāti avijjā vuccati aññāṇaṃ, tattha gatāya. Pajāyāti sattādhivacanametaṃ. Tasmā ettha avijjaṇḍakosassa anto paviṭṭhesu sattesūti evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo. Aṇḍabhūtāyāti aṇḍe bhūtāya jātāya sañjātāya. Yathā hi aṇḍe nibbattā ekacce sattā aṇḍabhūtāti vuccanti; evamayaṃ sabbāpi pajā avijjaṇḍakose nibbattattā aṇḍabhūtāti vuccati. Pariyonaddhāyāti tena avijjaṇḍakosena samantato onaddhāya baddhāya veṭhitāya . Avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvāti taṃ avijjāmayaṃ aṇḍakosaṃ bhinditvā . Ekova loketi sakalepi lokasannivāse ahameva eko adutiyo. Anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti anuttaranti uttaravirahitaṃ sabbaseṭṭhaṃ. Sammāsambodhinti sammā sāmañca bodhiṃ; atha vā pasatthaṃ sundarañca bodhiṃ; bodhīti rukkhopi maggopi sabbaññutaññāṇampi nibbānampi vuccati. ‘‘Bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho’’ti (mahāva. 1; udā. 1) ca ‘‘antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhi’’nti (mahāva. 11; ma. ni. 1.285) ca āgataṭṭhānesu hi rukkho bodhīti vuccati. ‘‘Bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) āgataṭṭhāne maggo. ‘‘Pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso’’ti (dī. ni. 3.217) āgataṭṭhāne sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. ‘‘Patvāna bodhiṃ amataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti āgataṭṭhāne nibbānaṃ. Idha pana bhagavato arahattamaggañāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇantipi vadanti. Aññesaṃ arahattamaggo anuttarā bodhi hoti, na hotīti? Na hoti. Kasmā? Asabbaguṇadāyakattā. Tesañhi kassaci arahattamaggo arahattaphalameva deti, kassaci tisso vijjā, kassaci cha abhiññā, kassaci catasso paṭisambhidā, kassaci sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ. Paccekabuddhānampi paccekabodhiñāṇameva deti. Buddhānaṃ pana sabbaguṇasampattiṃ deti, abhiseko viya rañño sabbalokissariyabhāvaṃ. Tasmā aññassa kassacipi anuttarā bodhi na hotīti. Abhisambuddhoti abbhaññāsiṃ paṭivijjhiṃ; pattomhi adhigatomhīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Idāni yadetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘evameva kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇā’’ti ādinā nayena vuttaṃ opammasampaṭipādanaṃ, taṃ evamatthena saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā veditabbaṃ. Yathā hi tassā kukkuṭiyā attano aṇḍesu adhisayanāditividhakiriyākaraṇaṃ; evaṃ bodhipallaṅke nisinnassa bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato attano cittasantāne aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattāti tividhānupassanākaraṇaṃ. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyāsampādanena aṇḍānaṃ apūtibhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa aparihāni. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena aṇḍānaṃ allasinehapariyādānaṃ viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena bhavattayānugatanikantisinehapariyādānaṃ. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena aṇḍakapālānaṃ tanubhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena avijjaṇḍakosassa tanubhāvo. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa pādanakhasikhātuṇḍakānaṃ thaddhakharabhāvo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa tikkhakharavippasannasūrabhāvo. Kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa paripākakālo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇassa paripākakālo vaḍḍhitakālo gabbhaggahaṇakālo veditabbo.

Tato kukkuṭiyā tividhakiriyākaraṇena kukkuṭacchāpakassa pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā pakkhe papphoṭetvā sotthinā abhinibbhidākālo viya bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanāsampādanena vipassanāñāṇaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā anupubbādhigatena arahattamaggena avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā abhiññāpakkhe papphoṭetvā sotthinā sakalabuddhaguṇasacchikatakālo veditabboti.

Svāhaṃ brāhmaṇa jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassāti so ahaṃ brāhmaṇa yathā tesaṃ kukkuṭapotakānaṃ paṭhamataraṃ aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā abhinibbhido kukkuṭapotako jeṭṭho hoti; evaṃ avijjāgatāya pajāya taṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā paṭhamataraṃ ariyāya jātiyā jātattā jeṭṭho vuḍḍhataroti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Sabbaguṇehi pana appaṭisamattā seṭṭhoti.

Evaṃ bhagavā attano anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ brāhmaṇassa pakāsetvā idāni yāya paṭipadāya taṃ adhigato taṃ paṭipadaṃ pubbabhāgato pabhuti dassetuṃ ‘‘āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇā’’tiādimāha. Imaṃ vā bhagavato anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ sutvā brāhmaṇassa cittamevamuppannaṃ – ‘‘kāya nu kho paṭipadāya imaṃ patto’’ti. Tassa cittamaññāya ‘‘imāyāhaṃ paṭipadāya imaṃ anuttaraṃ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ patto’’ti dassento evamāha. Tattha āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇa vīriyaṃ ahosīti brāhmaṇa, na mayā ayaṃ anuttaro jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvo kusītena muṭṭhassatinā sāraddhakāyena vikkhittacittena adhigato, apica kho tadadhigamāya āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ ahosi, bodhimaṇḍe nisinnena mayā caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ vīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ ahosi, paggahitaṃ asithilappavattitanti vuttaṃ hoti. Āraddhattāyeva ca me taṃ asallīnaṃ ahosi. Na kevalañca vīriyameva, satipi me ārammaṇābhimukhībhāvena upaṭṭhitā ahosi. Upaṭṭhitattāyeva ca asammuṭṭhā. Passaddho kāyo asāraddhoti kāyacittapassaddhivasena kāyopi me passaddho ahosi . Tattha yasmā nāmakāye passaddhe rūpakāyopi passaddhoyeva hoti, tasmā nāmakāyo rūpakāyoti avisesetvāva passaddho kāyoti vuttaṃ. Asāraddhoti so ca kho passaddhattāyeva asāraddho, vigatadarathoti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekagganti cittampi me sammā āhitaṃ suṭṭhu ṭhapitaṃ appitaṃ viya ahosi; samāhitattā eva ca ekaggaṃ acalaṃ nipphandananti. Ettāvatā jhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā kathitā hoti.