2. Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ayogetiādikā āyasmato subhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāya māse māse aṭṭhakkhattuṃ catujjātiyagandhena satthu gandhakuṭiṃ opuñjāpesi. So tena puññakammena nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sugandhasarīro hutvā, imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe gahapatikule nibbattitvā subhūtoti laddhanāmo vayappatto, nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya titthiyesu pabbajitvā tattha sāraṃ alabhanto, satthu santike upatissakolitaselādike bahū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pabbajitvā sāmaññasukhaṃ anubhavante disvā sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā ācariyupajjhāye ārādhetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vivekavāsaṃ vasanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.55.272-308) –

‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;

Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.

‘‘Anubyañjanasampanno, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;

Byāmappabhāparivuto, raṃsijālasamotthaṭo.

‘‘Assāsetā yathā cando, sūriyova pabhaṅkaro;

Nibbāpetā yathā megho, sāgarova guṇākaro.

‘‘Dharaṇīriva sīlena, himavāva samādhinā;

Ākāso viya paññāya, asaṅgo anilo yathā.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ, upapanno mahākule;

Pahūtadhanadhaññasmiṃ, nānāratanasañcaye.

‘‘Mahatā parivārena, nisinnaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Upecca dhammamassosiṃ, amataṃva manoharaṃ.

‘‘Dvattiṃsalakkhaṇadharo, sanakkhattova candimā;

Anubyañjanasampanno, sālarājāva phullito.

‘‘Raṃsijālaparikkhitto, dittova kanakācalo;

Byāmappabhāparivuto, sataraṃsī divākaro.

‘‘Soṇṇānano jinavaro, samaṇīva siluccayo;

Karuṇāpuṇṇahadayo, guṇena viya sāgaro.

‘‘Lokavissutakitti ca, sinerūva naguttamo;

Yasasā vitthato vīro, ākāsasadiso muni.

‘‘Asaṅgacitto sabbattha, anilo viya nāyako;

Patiṭṭhā sabbabhūtānaṃ, mahīva munisattamo.

‘‘Anupalitto lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā;

Kuvādagacchadahano, aggikkhandhova sobhati.

‘‘Agado viya sabbattha, kilesavisanāsako;

Gandhamādanaselova, guṇagandhavibhūsito.

‘‘Guṇānaṃ ākaro vīro, ratanānaṃva sāgaro;

Sindhūva vanarājīnaṃ, kilesamalahārako.

‘‘Vijayīva mahāyodho, mārasenāvamaddano;

Cakkavattīva so rājā, bojjhaṅgaratanissaro.

‘‘Mahābhisakkasaṅkāso, dosabyādhitikicchako;

Sallakatto yathā vejjo, diṭṭhigaṇḍaviphālako.

‘‘So tadā lokapajjoto, sanarāmarasakkato;

Parisāsu narādicco, dhammaṃ desayate jino.

‘‘Dānaṃ datvā mahābhogo, sīlena sugatūpago;

Bhāvanāya ca nibbāti, iccevamanusāsatha.

‘‘Desanaṃ taṃ mahassādaṃ, ādimajjhantasobhanaṃ;

Suṇanti parisā sabbā, amataṃva mahārasaṃ.

‘‘Sutvā sumadhuraṃ dhammaṃ, pasanno jinasāsane;

Sugataṃ saraṇaṃ gantvā, yāvajīvaṃ namassahaṃ.

‘‘Munino gandhakuṭiyā, opuñjesiṃ tadā mahiṃ;

Catujjātena gandhena, māse aṭṭha dinesvahaṃ.

‘‘Paṇidhāya sugandhattaṃ, sarīravissagandhino;

Tadā jino viyākāsi, sugandhatanulābhitaṃ.

‘‘Yo yaṃ gandhakuṭibhūmiṃ, gandhenopuñjate sakiṃ;

Tena kammavipākena, upapanno tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Sugandhadeho sabbattha, bhavissati ayaṃ naro;

Guṇagandhayutto hutvā, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jāto vippakule ahaṃ;

Gabbhaṃ me vasato mātā, dehenāsi sugandhitā.

‘‘Yadā ca mātukucchimhā, nikkhamāmi tadā purī;

Sāvatthi sabbagandhehi, vāsitā viya vāyatha.

‘‘Pupphavassañca surabhi, dibbagandhaṃ manoramaṃ;

Dhūpāni ca mahagghāni, upavāyiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Devā ca sabbagandhehi, dhūpapupphehi taṃ gharaṃ;

Vāsayiṃsu sugandhena, yasmiṃ jāto ahaṃ ghare.

‘‘Yadā ca taruṇo bhaddo, paṭhame yobbane ṭhito;

Tadā selaṃ saparisaṃ, vinetvā narasārathi.

‘‘Tehi sabbehi parivuto, sāvatthipuramāgato;

Tadā buddhānubhāvaṃ taṃ, disvā pabbajito ahaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhipaññañca, vimuttiñca anuttaraṃ;

Bhāvetvā caturo dhamme, pāpuṇiṃ āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Yadā pabbajito cāhaṃ, yadā ca arahā ahuṃ;

Nibbāyissaṃ yadā cāhaṃ, gandhavasso tadā ahu.

‘‘Sarīragandho ca sadātiseti me, mahārahaṃ candanacampakuppalaṃ;

Tatheva gandhe itare ca sabbaso, pasayha vāyāmi tato tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā titthiyesu pabbajitvā attano pattaṃ attakilamathānuyogaṃ dukkhaṃ, sāsane pabbajitvā pattaṃ jhānādisukhañca cintetvā attano paṭipattipaccavekkhaṇamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –

320.

‘‘Ayoge yuñjamattānaṃ, puriso kiccamicchako;

Caraṃ ce nādhigaccheyya, taṃ me dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ.

321.

‘‘Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitaṃ, ekañce ossajeyya kalīva siyā;

Sabbānipi ce ossajeyya andhova siyā, samavisamassa adassanato.

322.

‘‘Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade, yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade;

Akarontaṃ bhāsamānaṃ, parijānanti paṇḍitā.

323.

‘‘Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ, vaṇṇavantaṃ agandhakaṃ;

Evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, aphalā hoti akubbato.

324.

‘‘Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ, vaṇṇavantaṃ sugandhakaṃ;

Evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, saphalā hoti kubbato’’ti. –

Imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha ayogeti ayuñjitabbe asevitabbe antadvaye. Idha pana attakilamathānuyogavasena attho veditabbo. Yuñjanti tasmiṃ attānaṃ yuñjanto yojento tathā paṭipajjanto. Kiccamicchakoti ubhayahitāvahaṃ kiccaṃ icchanto, tappaṭipakkhato ayoge caraṃ caranto ce bhaveyya. Nādhigaccheyyāti yathādhippetaṃ hitasukhaṃ na pāpuṇeyyāti ñāyo. Tasmā yaṃ ahaṃ titthiyamatavañcito ayoge yuñjiṃ, taṃ me dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ apuññasabhāvo. ‘‘Purimakammabyāmohito ayoge yuñji’’nti dasseti.

Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitanti vibādhanasabhāvatāya aghā nāma rāgādayo, aghāni eva aghagataṃ, aghagatānaṃ vijitaṃ saṃsārappavatti, tesaṃ vijayo kusaladhammābhibhavo. ‘‘Aghagataṃ vijita’’nti anunāsikalopaṃ akatvā vuttaṃ. Taṃ abbūḷhaṃ anuddhataṃ yena, taṃ abbūḷhāghagataṃ vijitaṃ katvā evaṃbhūto hutvā, kilese asamucchinditvāti attho. Ekañce ossajeyyāti adutiyatāya padhānatāya ca ekaṃ appamādaṃ sammāpayogameva vā ossajeyya pariccajeyya ce. Kalīva so puggalo kāḷakaṇṇī viya siyā. Sabbānipi ce ossajeyyāti sabbānipi vimuttiyā paripācakāni saddhāvīriyasatisamādhipaññindriyāni ossajeyya ce, abhāvanāya chaḍḍeyya ce, andhova siyā samavisamassa adassanato.

Yathāti opammasampaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Ruciranti sobhanaṃ. Vaṇṇavantanti vaṇṇasaṇṭhānasampannaṃ. Agandhakanti gandharahitaṃ pālibhaddakagirikaṇṇikajayasumanādibhedaṃ. Evaṃ subhāsitā vācāti subhāsitā vācā nāma tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānasampannapupphasadisaṃ. Yathā hi agandhakaṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho na pharati, evaṃ etampi yo sakkaccasavanādīhi ca samācarati, tassa sakkaccaṃ asamācarantassa yaṃ tattha kattabbaṃ, taṃ akubbato sutagandhaṃ paṭipattigandhañca na āvahati aphalā hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, aphalā hoti akubbato’’ti.

Sugandhakanti sumanacampakanīluppalapupphādibhedaṃ. Evanti yathā taṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho pharati, evaṃ tepiṭakabuddhavacanasaṅkhātā subhāsitā vācāpi yo sakkaccasavanādīhi tattha kattabbaṃ karoti, assa puggalassa saphalā hoti, sutagandhapaṭipattigandhānaṃ āvahanato mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Tasmā yathovādaṃ paṭipajjeyya, yathākārī tathāvādī ca bhaveyyāti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.