6. Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yo sītavananti āyasmato sambhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ito kira aṭṭhārasādhikassa kappasatassa matthake atthadassī nāma sambuddho loke uppajjitvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ saṃsāramahoghato tārento ekadivasaṃ mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ gaṅgātīraṃ upagacchi. Tasmiṃ kāle ayaṃ gahapatikule nibbatto tattha bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, pāraṃ gantukāmatthā’’ti pucchi. Bhagavā ‘‘gamissāmā’’ti avoca. So tāvadeva nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ yojetvā upanesi. Satthā taṃ anukampanto saha bhikkhusaṅghena nāvaṃ abhiruhi. So sayampi abhiruyha sukheneva paratīraṃ sampāpetvā bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca dutiyadivase mahādānaṃ pavattetvā anugantvā pasannacitto vanditvā nivatti. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaritvā ito terasādhikakappasatassa matthake khattiyakule nibbattitvā rājā ahosi cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā. So satte sugatimagge patiṭṭhāpetvā tato cuto ekanavutikappe vipassissa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā dhutadhamme samādāya susāne vasanto samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Puna kassapassa bhagavato kālepi tassa sāsane tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa ‘‘sambhūto’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato. Bhūmijo jeyyaseno abhirādhanoti tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ bhagavato santikaṃ gato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Ye sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhūmijo jeyyaseno ca, sambhūto abhirādhano;

Ete dhammaṃ abhiññāsuṃ, sāsane varatādino’’ti.

Atha sambhūto bhagavato santike kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nibaddhaṃ sītavane vasati. Tenevāyasmā ‘‘sītavaniyo’’ti paññāyittha. Tena ca samayena vessavaṇo mahārājā kenacideva karaṇīyena jambudīpe dakkhiṇadisābhāgaṃ uddissa ākāsena gacchanto theraṃ abbhokāse nisīditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontaṃ disvā vimānato oruyha theraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘yadā thero samādhito vuṭṭhahissati, tadā mama āgamanaṃ ārocetha, ārakkhañcassa karothā’’ti dve yakkhe āṇāpetvā pakkāmi. Te therassa samīpe ṭhatvā manasikāraṃ paṭisaṃharitvā nisinnakāle ārocesuṃ. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘tumhe mama vacanena vessavaṇamahārājassa kathetha, bhagavatā attano sāsane ṭhitānaṃ satiārakkhā nāma ṭhapitā atthi, sāyeva mādise rakkhati, tvaṃ tattha appossukko hohi, bhagavato ovāde ṭhitānaṃ edisāya ārakkhāya karaṇīyaṃ natthī’’ti te vissajjetvā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vijjāttayaṃ sacchākāsi. Tato vessavaṇo nivattamāno therassa samīpaṃ patvā mukhākārasallakkhaṇenevassa katakiccabhāvaṃ ñatvā sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhagavato ārocetvā satthu sammukhā theraṃ abhitthavanto –

‘‘Satiārakkhasampanno, dhitimā vīriyasamāhito;

Anujāto satthu sambhūto, tevijjo maccupāragū’’ti. –

Imāya gāthāya therassa guṇe vaṇṇesi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.21.15-20) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, dvipadindo narāsabho;

Purakkhato sāvakehi, gaṅgātīramupāgami.

‘‘Samatitti kākapeyyā, gaṅgā āsi duruttarā;

Uttārayiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, buddhañca dvipaduttamaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Teraseto kappasate, pañca sabbobhavā ahuṃ;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave asmiṃ, jātohaṃ brāhmaṇe kule;

Saddhiṃ tīhi sahāyehi, pabbajiṃ satthu sāsane.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Athāyasmā sambhūto bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchante bhikkhū disvā ‘‘āvuso, mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadethā’’ti vatvā dhammādhikaraṇaṃ attano satthu aviheṭhitabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yo sītavana’’nti gāthamāha. Te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā sambhūtattherassa sāsanaṃ sampavedentā, ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, sambhūto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadatī’’ti vatvā taṃ gāthaṃ ārocesuṃ, taṃ sutvā bhagavā ‘‘paṇḍito, bhikkhave, sambhūto bhikkhu paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭheti. Vessavaṇena tassattho mayhaṃ ārocitā’’ti āha.

6. Yaṃ pana te bhikkhū sambhūtattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘yo sītavana’’nti gāthaṃ satthu nivedesuṃ. Tattha sītavananti evaṃnāmakaṃ rājagahasamīpe mahantaṃ bheravasusānavanaṃ. Upagāti nivāsanavasena upagacchi. Etena bhagavatā anuññātaṃ pabbajitānurūpaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ dasseti. Bhikkhūti saṃsārabhayassa ikkhanato bhinnakilesatāya ca bhikkhu. Ekoti adutiyo, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Santusitoti santuṭṭho. Etena catupaccayasantosalakkhaṇaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Samāhitattoti upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhitacitto, etena cittavivekabhāvanāmukhena bhāvanārāmaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Vijitāvīti sāsane sammāpaṭipajjantena vijetabbaṃ kilesagaṇaṃ vijitvā ṭhito, etena upadhivivekaṃ dasseti. Bhayahetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ apagatattā apetalomahaṃso, etena sammāpaṭipattiyā phalaṃ dasseti. Rakkhanti rakkhanto. Kāyagatāsatinti kāyārammaṇaṃ satiṃ, kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ paribrūhanavasena avissajjento. Dhitimāti dhīro, samāhitattaṃ vijitāvibhāvataṃ vā upādāya paṭipattidassanametaṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – so bhikkhu vivekasukhānupekkhāya eko sītavanaṃ upāgami, upāgato ca lolabhāvābhāvato santuṭṭho dhitimā kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento tathādhigataṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā āraddhavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā adhigatena aggamaggena samāhito vijitāvī ca hutvā katakiccatāya bhayahetūnaṃ sabbaso apagatattā apetalomahaṃso jātoti.

Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.