6. Paṭhamasekhasuttavaṇṇanā

16. Chaṭṭhe sekhassāti ettha kenaṭṭhena sekho? Sekkhadhammapaṭilābhato sekho. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sekho hotīti? Idha, bhikkhu, sekhāya sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti…pe… sekhena sammāsamādhinā samannāgato hoti. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, sekho hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.13).

Apica sikkhatīti sekho. Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘Sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccati. Kiñca sikkhati? Adhisīlampi sikkhati, adhicittampi sikkhati, adhipaññampi sikkhati. Sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.86).

Yopi kalyāṇaputhujjano anulomappaṭipadāya paripūrakārī sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū jāgariyānuyogamanuyutto pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyutto viharati – ‘‘ajja vā sve vā aññataraṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ adhigamissāmī’’ti, sopi vuccati sikkhatīti sekhoti. Imasmiṃ atthe na paṭivijjhantova sekho adhippeto, atha kho kalyāṇaputhujjanopi. Appattaṃ mānasaṃ etenāti appattamānaso. Mānasanti ‘‘antalikkhacaro pāso, yvāyaṃ carati mānaso’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.151; mahāva. 33) ettha rāgo mānasanti vutto. ‘‘Cittaṃ mano mānasa’’nti (dha. sa. 63, 65) ettha cittaṃ. ‘‘Appattamānaso sekho, kālaṃ kayirā jane sutā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.159) ettha arahattaṃ. Idhāpi arahattameva adhippetaṃ. Tena appattaarahattassāti vuttaṃ hoti.

Anuttaranti seṭṭhaṃ, asadisanti attho. Catūhi yogehi khemaṃ anupaddutanti yogakkhemaṃ, arahattameva adhippetaṃ. Patthayamānassāti dve patthanā taṇhāpatthanā, kusalacchandapatthanā ca. ‘‘Patthayamānassa hi jappitāni, pavedhitaṃ vāpi pakappitesū’’ti (su. ni. 908; mahāni. 137) ettha taṇhāpatthanā.

‘‘Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;

Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ patthetha bhikkhavo’’ti. (ma. ni. 1.352);

Ettha kattukamyatākusalacchandapatthanā, ayameva idhādhippetā. Tena patthayamānassāti taṃ yogakkhemaṃ gantukāmassa tanninnassa tappoṇassa tappabbhārassāti attho. Viharatoti ekaṃ iriyāpathadukkhaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harato. Atha vā ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti adhimuccanto saddhāya viharatī’’tiādinā niddesanayena cettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Ajjhattikanti niyakajjhattasaṅkhāte ajjhatte bhavaṃ ajjhattikaṃ. Aṅganti kāraṇaṃ. Iti karitvāti evaṃ katvā. Na aññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmīti ettha ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ attano santāne samuṭṭhitaṃ kāraṇanti katvā aññaṃ ekakāraṇampi na samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ bahūpakāraṃ, yathayidaṃ yoniso manasikāroti upāyamanasikāro, pathamanasikāro, aniccādīsu aniccādinayeneva manasikāro, aniccānulomikena vā cittassa āvaṭṭanā anvāvaṭṭanā ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro. Ayaṃ yoniso manasikāro.

Idāni yoniso manasikārassa ānubhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yoniso, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāvetī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha yoniso manasi karontoti ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasacca’’nti catūsu ariyasaccesu yoniso manasikāraṃ pavattento.

Tatrāyaṃ atthavibhāvanā – yadipi idaṃ suttaṃ avisesena sekkhapuggalavasena āgataṃ, catumaggasādhāraṇavasena pana saṅkhepeneva kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathayissāma. Yo catusaccakammaṭṭhāniko yogāvacaro ‘‘taṇhāvajjā tebhūmakā khandhā dukkhaṃ, taṇhā samudayo, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodho, nirodhasampāpako maggo’’ti evaṃ pubbe eva ācariyasantike uggahitacatusaccakammaṭṭhāno. So aparena samayena vipassanāmaggaṃ samāruḷho samāno tebhūmake khandhe ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yoniso manasi karoti, upāyena pathena samannāharati ceva vipassati ca. Vipassanā hi idha manasikārasīsena vuttā. Yā panāyaṃ tassa dukkhassa samuṭṭhāpikā purimabhavikā taṇhā, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yoniso manasi karoti. Yasmā pana idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayañca samudayo idaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā nirujjhanti na pavattanti, tasmā yadidaṃ nibbānaṃ nāma , ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti yoniso manasi karoti. Nirodhasampāpakaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yoniso manasi karoti, upāyena pathena samannāharati ceva vipassati ca.

Tatrāyaṃ upāyo – abhiniveso nāma khandhe hoti, na vivaṭṭe, tasmā ayamattho – ‘‘imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu, āpodhātū’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.378) nayena cattāri mahābhūtāni tadanusārena upādārūpāni ca pariggahetvā ‘‘ayaṃ rūpakkhandho’’ti vavatthapeti. Taṃ vavatthāpayato uppanne tadārammaṇe cittacetasikadhamme ‘‘ime cattāro arūpakkhandhā’’ti vavatthapeti. Tato ‘‘ime pañcakkhandhā dukkha’’nti vavatthapeti. Te pana saṅkhepato nāmañca rūpañcāti dve bhāgā honti. Idañca nāmarūpaṃ sahetu sappaccayaṃ uppajjati, tassa ayaṃ avijjābhavataṇhādiko hetu, ayaṃ āhārādiko paccayoti hetuppaccaye vavatthapeti. So tesaṃ paccayānañca paccayuppannānañca yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇaṃ vavatthapetvā ‘‘ime dhammā ahutvā bhavanti, hutvā nirujjhanti, tasmā aniccā’’ti aniccalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti, ‘‘udayabbayapaṭipīḷitattā dukkhā’’ti dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti, ‘‘avasavattanato anattā’’ti anattalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti.

Evaṃ tilakkhaṇāni āropetvā vipassanto udayabbayañāṇuppattiyā uppanne obhāsādike vipassanupakkilese ‘amaggo’ti udayabbayañāṇameva ‘‘ariyamaggassa upāyabhūto pubbabhāgamaggo’’ti maggāmaggaṃ vavatthapetvā puna udayabbayañāṇaṃ paṭipāṭiyā bhaṅgañāṇādīni ca uppādento sotāpattimaggādayo pāpuṇāti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe cattāri saccāni ekappaṭivedheneva paṭivijjhati, ekābhisamayena abhisameti. Tattha dukkhaṃ pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto, samudayaṃ pahānappaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto sabbaṃ akusalaṃ pajahati, nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto maggaṃ bhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto sabbaṃ kusalaṃ bhāveti. Ariyamaggo hi nippariyāyato kucchitasalanādiatthena kusalo, tasmiñca bhāvite sabbepi kusalā anavajjabodhipakkhiyadhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchantīti. Evaṃ yoniso manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘idaṃ dukkhanti yoniso manasi karoti, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yoniso manasi karotī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.21). Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘yoniso manasikārasampannassetaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvessati, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkarissatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.55).

Yonisomanasikāroti gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – sikkhati, sikkhāpadāni tassa atthi, sikkhanasīloti vā sekho. Saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti bhikkhu. Tassa sekhassa bhikkhuno uttamatthassa arahattassa pattiyā adhigamāya yathā yoniso manasikāro, evaṃ bahukāro bahūpakāro añño koci dhammo natthi. Kasmā? Yasmā yoniso upāyena manasikāraṃ purakkhatvā padahaṃ catubbidhasammappadhānavasena padahanto, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe saṃkilesavaṭṭadukkhassa parikkhayaṃ pariyosānaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇe adhigaccheyya, tasmā yoniso manasikāro bahukāroti.

Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.