13. Lokasuttavaṇṇanā

112. Terasame lokoti lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko, atthato purimaṃ ariyasaccadvayaṃ idha pana dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ veditabbaṃ. Svāyaṃ sattaloko, saṅkhāraloko, okāsalokoti vibhāgato sarūpato ca heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Apica khandhalokādivasena ca anekavidho loko. Yathāha –

‘‘Lokoti khandhaloko, dhātuloko, āyatanaloko, vipattibhavaloko, vipattisambhavaloko, sampattibhavaloko, sampattisambhavaloko, eko loko sabbe sattā ahāraṭṭhitikā, dve lokā nāmañca rūpañca, tayo lokā tisso vedanā, cattāro lokā cattāro āhārā, pañca lokā pañcupādānakkhandhā, cha lokā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni, satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo, aṭṭha lokā aṭṭha lokadhammā, nava lokā nava sattāvāsā, dasa lokā dasāyatanāni, dvādasa lokā dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa lokā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (mahāni. 3; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 2).

Evamanekadhā vibhattopi loko pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu eva saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchati, upādānakkhandhā ca dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ jātipi dukkhā …pe… saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhāpi dukkhāti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘atthato purimaṃ ariyasaccadvayaṃ, idha pana dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ veditabba’’nti. Nanu ca lujjanapalujjanaṭṭho avisesena pañcasu khandhesu sambhavatīti? Saccaṃ sambhavati. Yaṃ pana na lujjatīti gahitaṃ, taṃ tathā na hoti, ekaṃseneva lujjati palujjatīti so lokoti upādānakkhandhesveva lokasaddo nirūḷhoti veditabbo. Tasmā lokoti dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ eva.

Yadipi tathāgata-saddassa heṭṭhā tathāgatasutte nānānayehi vitthārato attho vibhatto, tathāpi pāḷiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāmukhena ayamatthavibhāvanā – abhisambuddhoti ‘‘abhiññeyyato pariññeyyato’’ti pubbe vuttavibhāgena vā avisesato tāva āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādibhedato kusalākusalādivibhāgato vaṭṭappamāṇasaṇṭhānādibhedato, visesato vā pana ‘‘ayaṃ sassatāsayo, ayaṃ ucchedāsayo’’tiādinā ‘‘kakkhaḷalakkhaṇā pathavīdhātu, paggharaṇalakkhaṇā āpodhātū’’tiādinā ca abhivisiṭṭhena sayambhuñāṇena sammā aviparītaṃ yo yo attho yathā yathā bujjhitabbo, tathā tathā buddho ñāto attapaccakkho katoti abhisambuddho.

Lokasmāti yathāvuttalokato. Visaṃyuttoti visaṃsaṭṭho, tappaṭibaddhānaṃ sabbesaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ sammadeva samucchinnattā tato vippamuttoti attho. Lokasamudayoti suttantanayena taṇhā, abhidhammanayena pana abhisaṅkhārehi saddhiṃ diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ. Pahīnoti bodhimaṇḍe arahattamaggañāṇena samucchedappahānavasena savāsanaṃ pahīno. Lokanirodhoti nibbānaṃ. Sacchikatoti attapaccakkho kato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti sīlādikkhandhattayasaṅgaho ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. So hi lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ gacchati adhigacchati, tadatthaṃ ariyehi paṭipajjīyati cāti lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti vuccati.

Ettāvatā tathāni abhisambuddho yāthāvato gatoti tathāgatoti ayamattho dassito hoti. Cattāri hi ariyasaccāni tathāni nāma. Yathāha –

‘‘Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idaṃ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ, anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro.

Apica tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathaṃ gatoti tathāgato , gatoti ca avagato atīto patto paṭipannoti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā bhagavā sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya aviparītāya gato avagato, tasmā loko tathāgatena abhisambuddhoti tathāgato. Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ aviparītaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgatoti. Evaṃ imissā pāḷiyā bhagavato tathāgatabhāvadīpanavasena attho veditabbo.

Iti bhagavā catusaccābhisambodhanavasena attano tathāgatabhāvaṃ pakāsetvā idāni tattha diṭṭhādiabhisambodhivasenapi taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yaṃ, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.23) pana ‘‘catūhi saccehi attano buddhabhāvaṃ kathetvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Taṃ tathāgatasadda-buddhasaddānaṃ atthato ninnānākaraṇataṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Tathā ceva hi pāḷi pavattāti. Tattha diṭṭhanti rūpāyatanaṃ. Sutanti saddāyatanaṃ. Mutanti patvā gahetabbato gandhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanañca. Viññātanti sukhadukkhādidhammārammaṇaṃ. Pattanti pariyesitvā vā apariyesitvā vā pattaṃ. Pariyesitanti pattaṃ vā appattaṃ vā pariyesitaṃ. Anuvicaritaṃ manasāti cittena anusañcaritaṃ. Kassa pana anuvicaritaṃ manasāti? Sadevakassa…pe… sadevamanussāyāti sambandhanīyaṃ. Tattha saha devehīti sadevako, tassa sadevakassa. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo.

Sadevakavacanena cettha pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ, samārakavacanena chaṭṭhakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ, sabrahmakavacanena brahmakāyikādibrahmaggahaṇaṃ, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇivacanena sāsanassa paccatthikasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇañceva samitapāpabāhitapāpasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇañca, pajāvacanena sattalokaggahaṇaṃ , sadevamanussavacanena sammutidevaavasesamanussaggahaṇaṃ. Evamettha tīhi padehi devamārabrahmehi saddhiṃ sattaloko, dvīhi pajāvasena sattaloko gahitoti veditabbo.

Aparo nayo – sadevakaggahaṇena arūpāvacaradevaloko gahito, samārakavacanena chakāmāvacaradevaloko, sabrahmakavacanena rūpībrahmaloko, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇādivacanena sammutidevehi saha avasesasattaloko gahito. Apicettha sadevakavacanena ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato sabbalokavisayassa bhagavato abhisambuddhabhāve pakāsite yesamevaṃ siyā ‘‘māro nāma mahānubhāvo chakāmāvacarissaro vasavattī, brahmā pana tatopi mahānubhāvataro dasahi aṅgulīhi dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu ālokaṃ pharati, uttamajjhānasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Puthū ca samaṇabrāhmaṇā iddhimanto dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduno mahānubhāvā saṃvijjanti. Ayañca sattakāyo ananto aparimāṇo, kimetesaṃ sabbesaṃyeva visayo anavasesato bhagavatā abhisambuddho’’ti? Tesaṃ vimatiṃ vidhamento bhagavā ‘‘sadevakassa lokassā’’tiādimāha.

Porāṇā panāhu – ‘‘sadevakassā’’ti devatāhi saddhiṃ avasesalokaṃ pariyādiyati, ‘‘samārakassā’’ti mārena saddhiṃ avasesalokaṃ, ‘‘sabrahmakassā’’ti brahmehi saddhiṃ avasesalokaṃ. Evaṃ sabbepi tibhavūpage satte tīsu padesu pakkhipitvā puna dvīhi padehi pariyādiyanto ‘‘sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāyā’’ti āha. Evaṃ pañcahipi padehi khandhattayaparicchinne sabbasatte pariyādiyati.

Yasmā taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhanti iminā idaṃ dasseti – yaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu imassa sadevakassa lokassa ‘‘nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādi rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthaṃ āgacchati, taṃ sabbaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ satto imasmiṃ khaṇe imaṃ nāma rūpārammaṇaṃ disvā sumano vā dummano vā majjhatto vā jāto’’ti tathāgatassa evaṃ abhisambuddhaṃ. Tathā yaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu imassa sadevakassa lokassa ‘‘bherisaddo mudiṅgasaddo’’tiādi saddārammaṇaṃ sotadvāre āpāthaṃ āgacchati, ‘‘mūlagandho tacagandho’’tiādi gandhārammaṇaṃ ghānadvāre āpāthamāgacchati, ‘‘mūlaraso khandharaso’’tiādi rasārammaṇaṃ jivhādvāre āpāthamāgacchati , ‘‘kakkhaḷaṃ muduka’’ntiādi pathavīdhātutejodhātuvāyodhātubhedaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ kāyadvāre āpāthamāgacchati , ‘‘ayaṃ satto imasmiṃ khaṇe imaṃ nāma phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā sumano vā dummano vā majjhatto vā jāto’’ti sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatassa evaṃ abhisambuddhaṃ.

Tathā yaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu imassa sadevakassa lokassa sukhādibhedaṃ dhammārammaṇaṃ manodvāre āpāthamāgacchati, ‘‘ayaṃ satto imasmiṃ khaṇe imaṃ nāma dhammārammaṇaṃ jānitvā sumano vā dummano vā majjhatto vā jāto’’ti sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatassa evaṃ abhisambuddhaṃ. Evaṃ yaṃ imassa sadevakassa lokassa diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ, taṃ tathāgatena adiṭṭhaṃ vā asutaṃ vā amutaṃ vā aviññātaṃ vā natthi. Imassa pana mahājanassa pariyesitvā appattampi atthi, apariyesitvā appattampi atthi, pariyesitvā pattampi atthi, apariyesitvā pattampi atthi. Sabbampi tathāgatassa appattaṃ nāma natthi ñāṇena asacchikataṃ. Tato eva yaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ bhagavā sabbaṃ sabbākārena jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā cānena taṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ? Yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 617) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tatheva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu.

Tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatīti yaṃ yathā lokena gataṃ, tassa tatheva gatattā tathāgatoti vuccati. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘abhisambuddha’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ tathāgatasaddena samānatthaṃ. Iminā tathādassibhāvato tathāgatoti ayamattho dassito hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā –

‘‘Na tassa addiṭṭhamidhatthi kiñci,

Atho aviññātamajānitabbaṃ;

Sabbaṃ abhiññāsi yadatthi neyyaṃ,

Tathāgato tena samantacakkhū’’ti. (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85; paṭi. ma. 1.121);

Suttantepi vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yaṃ , bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi, tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24).

Yañca, bhikkhave, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhatīti yassañca visākhapuṇṇamarattiyaṃ tathā āgatādiatthena tathāgato bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā uttaritarābhāvato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ āsavakkhayañāṇena saddhiṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ adhigacchati. Yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyatīti yassañca visākhapuṇṇamarattiyaṃyeva kusinārāyaṃ upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane yamakasālānamantare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati. Yaṃ etasmiṃ antareti imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ saupādisesaanupādisesanibbānadhātūnaṃ vemajjhe pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyampi, majjhimabodhiyampi, pacchimabodhiyampi yaṃ suttageyyādippabhedaṃ dhammaṃ bhāsati niddisanavasena, lapati uddhisanavasena, niddisati paṭiniddisanavasena. Sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hotīti taṃ etthantare desitaṃ sabbaṃ suttageyyādinavaṅgaṃ buddhavacanaṃ atthato byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ anūnaṃ anadhikaṃ sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ rāgamadanimmadanaṃ…pe… mohamadanimmadanaṃ, natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ, ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya ekanāḷiyā mitaṃ viya ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca taṃ tatheva hoti yassatthāya bhāsitaṃ, ekanteneva tassa sādhanato, no aññathā. Tasmā tathaṃ, avitathaṃ, anaññathaṃ. Etena tathāvāditāya tathāgatoti dasseti. Gadaattho ayaṃ gatasaddo dakārassa takāraṃ katvā, tasmā tathaṃ gadatīti tathāgatoti attho. Atha vā āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tatho aviparīto āgado yassāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti evamettha padasiddhi veditabbā.

Yathāvādī tathākārīti ye dhamme bhagavā ‘‘ime dhammā akusalā sāvajjā viññugarahitā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’’ti paresaṃ dhammaṃ desento vadati, te dhamme ekanteneva sayaṃ pahāsi. Ye pana dhamme bhagavā ‘‘ime dhammā kusalā anavajjā viññuppasatthā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī’’ti vadati, te dhamme ekanteneva sayaṃ upasampajja vihāsi. Tasmā yathāvādī bhagavā, tathākārīti veditabbo. Yathākārī tathāvādīti sammadeva sīlādiparipūraṇavasena sammā paṭipanno sayaṃ yathākārī bhagavā, tatheva dhammadesanāya paresaṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpanavasena tathāvādī. Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi, kāyassapi vācā. Tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathā vācā, kāyopi tathā gato pavatto. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatā pavattāti attho.

Abhibhū anabhibhūtoti upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīcinirayaṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu bhagavā sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo atulo appameyyo anuttaro dhammarājā devānaṃ atidevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Tato eva sayaṃ na kenaci abhibhūtoti anabhibhūto. Aññadatthūti ekaṃsatthe nipāto. Yañhi kiñci neyyaṃ nāma, sabbaṃ taṃ hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya passatīti daso. Aviparītaṃ āsayādiavabodhena hitūpasaṃhārādinā ca satte, bhāvaññathattūpanayavasena saṅkhāre sabbākārena suciṇṇavasitāya samāpattiyo cittañca vase vattetīti vasavattī. Ettāvatā abhibhavanaṭṭhena bhagavā attano tathāgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.

Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi veditabbā – agado viya agado. Ko panesa? Desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca. Teneva hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko viya dibbāgadena sappe, sabbe parappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca agado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… vasavattī, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatī’’ti.

Gāthāsu sabbalokaṃ abhiññāyāti tedhātukalokasannivāsaṃ jānitvā. Sabbaloke yathātathanti tasmiṃ tedhātukalokasannivāse yaṃkiñci neyyaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ yathātathaṃ aviparītaṃ jānitvā. Sabbalokavisaṃyuttoti catunnaṃ yogānaṃ anavasesappahānena sabbenapi lokena visaṃyutto vippamutto. Anūpayoti sabbasmimpi loke taṇhādiṭṭhiupayehi anūpayo tehi upayehi virahito.

Sabbābhibhūti rūpādīni sabbārammaṇāni, sabbaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ, sabbepi māre abhibhavitvā ṭhito. Dhīroti dhitisampanno. Sabbaganthappamocanoti sabbe abhijjhākāyaganthādike mocetvā ṭhito veneyyasantānepi attano desanāvilāsena tesaṃ pamocanato sabbaganthappamocano. Phuṭṭhāssāti phuṭṭhā assa. Karaṇatthe idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ, phuṭṭhā anenāti attho. Paramā santīti nibbānaṃ. Tañhi tena ñāṇaphusanena phuṭṭhaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘nibbānaṃ akutobhaya’’nti. Atha vā paramā santīti uttamā santi. Katarā sāti? Nibbānaṃ. Yasmā pana nibbāne kutoci bhayaṃ natthi, tasmā taṃ akutobhayanti vuccati.

Anīghoti niddukkho. Sabbakammakkhayaṃ pattoti sabbesaṃ kammānaṃ khayaṃ pariyosānaṃ accantābhāvaṃ patto. Vimutto upadhisaṅkhayeti upadhisaṅkhayasaṅkhāte nibbāne tadārammaṇāya phalavimuttiyā vimutto. Esa soti eso so. Sīho anuttaroti parissayānaṃ sahanaṭṭhena, kilesānaṃ hananaṭṭhena ca, tathāgato anuttaro sīho nāma. Brahmanti seṭṭhaṃ. Cakkanti dhammacakkaṃ. Pavattayīti tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ pavattesi.

Itīti evaṃ tathāgatassa guṇe jānitvā. Saṅgammāti samāgantvā. Taṃnamassantīti taṃ tathāgataṃ te saraṇaṃ gatā devamanussā namassanti. Mahantehi sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatattā mahantaṃ, catuvesārajjayogena vītasāradaṃ. Idāni yaṃ vadantā te namassanti, taṃ dassetuṃ dantotiādi vuttaṃ. Taṃ uttānatthameva.

Iti imasmiṃ catukkanipāte chaṭṭhe sattame ca sutte vaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ, paṭhamadutiyatatiyadvādasamaterasamesu vivaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ, sesesu vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitanti veditabbaṃ.

Terasamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Iti paramatthadīpaniyā

Khuddakanikāya-aṭṭhakathāya

Itivuttakassa catukkanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.