Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

1-5

. Suvipulāmalasaddhāpaññādiguṇasamudayāvahaṃ sakalajanahitekahetujinasāsanaṭṭhitimūlabhūtaṃ vinayappakaraṇamidamārabhantoyamācariyo pakaraṇārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmapakaraṇābhidhānābhidheyyakaraṇappakārapayojananimittakattuparimāṇādīni dassetumāha ‘‘vanditvā’’tiādi. Tattha ratanattayaṃ nāma.

‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;

Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.223; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226; mahāni. aṭṭha. 50) –

Niddiṭṭhasabhāvaṃ

‘‘Buddho sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, dhammo lokuttaro nava;

Saṅgho maggaphalaṭṭho ca, iccetaṃ ratanattaya’’nti. –

Vibhāvitappabhedaṃ sakalabhavadukkhavinivāraṇaṃ tibhavenekapaṭisaraṇaṃ vatthuttayaṃ.

Tassa paṇāmo nāma paṇāmakiriyānipphādikā cetanā. Sā tividhā kāyapaṇāmo vacīpaṇāmo manopaṇāmoti. Tattha kāyapaṇāmo nāma ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇapubbikā añjalikammādikāyakiriyāvasappavattikā kāyaviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā. Vacīpaṇāmo nāma tatheva pavattā nānāvidhaguṇavisesavibhāvanasabhāvathomanākiriyāvasappavattikā vacīviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā. Manopaṇāmo nāma ubhayaviññattiyo asamuṭṭhāpetvā kevalaṃ guṇānussaraṇena cittasantānassa tanninnatappoṇatappabbhāratāya gāravabahumānanavasappavattisādhikā cetanā.

Imassa tāva ratanattayapaṇāmassa dassanaṃ yathādhippetatthasādhanatthaṃ. Guṇātisayayogena hi paṇāmārahe ratanattaye kato paṇāmo puññavisesabhāvato icchitatthābhinipphattivibandhakena upaghātakena, upapīḷakena ca apuññakammena upanīyamānassa upaddavajālassa vinivāraṇena yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa puññakammassa anubalappadānena ca tabbipākasantatiyā āyusukhabalādivaḍḍhanena ca cirakālappavattihetukoti yathādhippetapakaraṇanipphattinibandhanako hoti. Athāpi sotūnañca vandanīyavandanāpubbakenārambhena anantarāyena uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamena pakaraṇāvabodhappayojanasādhanatthaṃ. Apica sotūnameva viññātasatthukānaṃ bhagavato yathābhūtaguṇavisesānussavanena samupajātappasādānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ, aviññātasatthukānaṃ pana pakaraṇassa svākhyātatāya tappabhave satthari gāravuppādanatthañca sotujanānuggahameva padhānaṃ katvā ācariyehi ganthārambhe thutippaṇāmaparidīpakānaṃ gāthāvākyānaṃ nikkhepo vidhīyati. Itarathā vināpi tannikkhepaṃ kāyamanopaṇāmenāpi yathādhippetappayojanasiddhito kimetena ganthagāravakarenāti ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato pana paṇāmappayojanaṃ sāratthadīpaniyādīsu (sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; vi. vi. ṭī. 2.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā) dassitanayeneva ñātabbaṃ.

Abhidhānakathanaṃ pana vohārasukhatthaṃ. Abhidheyyassa samuditena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbassa kathanaṃ pakaraṇassa ārabhitabbasabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Viditāninditasātthakasukarānuṭṭhānābhi dheyyameva hi pakaraṇaṃ parikkhakajanā ārabhitabbaṃ maññantīti. Karaṇappakārasandassanaṃ sotujanasamussāhanatthaṃ. Anākulamasaṃkiṇṇatādippakārena hi viracitaṃ pakaraṇaṃ sotāro sotumussahantīti. Payojanakathanaṃ pana pakaraṇajjhāyane sotujanasamuttejanatthaṃ. Asati hi payojanakathane aviññātappayojanā ajjhāyane byāvaṭā na hontīti. Nimittakathanaṃ sarikkhakajanānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ. Pasatthakāraṇuppanneyeva hi pakaraṇe sarikkhakā gāravaṃ janentīti.

Kattukathanaṃ puggalagarukassa pakaraṇe gāravo puggalagāravenapi hotūti. Parimāṇakathanaṃ asajjhāyanādipasutānaṃ sampahaṃsanatthaṃ. Pakaraṇaparimāṇassavanena hi te sampahaṭṭhā ‘‘kittakamidamappakaṃ na cireneva parisamāpessāmā’’ti sajjhāyanādīsu vattantīti. Ādi-saddena sakkaccasavananiyojanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ, taṃ sabbasampattinidānasutamayañāṇanipphādanatthaṃ. Asakkaccaṃ suṇamānassa ca savanābhāvato taṃhetukassa sutamayañāṇassāpi abhāvoti. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇitabba’’nti bhaṇati.

Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā tividhopi paṇāmo avisesato dassito. Visesato pana ‘‘seṭṭhaṃ, appaṭipuggalaṃ, bhavābhāvakaraṃ, niraṅgaṇa’’nti imehi catūhi padehi vacīpaṇāmo, ‘‘sirasā’’ti iminā kāyappaṇāmo, ‘‘buddhaṃ, dhammaṃ, gaṇañcā’’ti imehi pana tīhi padehi paṇāmakiriyāya kammabhūtaṃ ratanattayaṃ dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

‘‘Vinayassavinicchaya’’nti iminā abhidhānaṃ dassitaṃ aluttasamāsena vinayavinicchayanāmassa dassanato. Tassa anvatthabhāvena saddappavattinimittabhūtaṃ sakalenānena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbamabhidheyyampi teneva dassitaṃ. ‘‘Samāsenā’’ti ca ‘‘anākulamasaṃkiṇṇaṃ, madhuratthapadakkama’’nti ca etehi karaṇappakāro dassito. ‘‘Hitatthāyā’’ti ca ‘‘paṭubhāvakaraṃ vinayakkame’’ti ca ‘‘apāraṃ otarantāna’’ntiādinā ca payojanaṃ. ‘‘Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti iminā bāhiranimittaṃ dassitaṃ. Abbhantaranimittaṃ pana bāhiranimittabhūtabhikkhubhikkhunivisayā karuṇā, sā ācariyassa pakaraṇārambheneva viññāyatīti visuṃ na vuttā. ‘‘Pavakkhāmī’’ti iminā samānādhikaraṇabhāvena labbhamāno ‘‘aha’’nti suddhakattā sāmaññena dassito. Visesato pana pakaraṇāvasāne –

‘‘Racito buddhadattena, suddhacittena dhīmatā;

Suciraṭṭhitikāmena, sāsanassa mahesino’’ti. (u. vi. 961) –

Imāya gāthāya ceva ‘‘iti tambapaṇṇiyena paramaveyyākaraṇena tipiṭakanayavidhikusalena paramakavivarajana hadayapadumavanavikasanakarena kavivarāsabhena paramaratikaravaramadhuravacanuggārena uragapurena buddhadattena racitoyaṃ vinayavinicchayo’’ti (vi. vi. 3183) iminā vākyena ca dassito – ‘‘mādisāpi kavī honti, buddhadatte divaṅgate’’tiādinā pacchimakehi ca pasatthatarehi kavivarehi abhitthutaguṇo bhadantabuddhadattācariyo veditabbo. Hetukattā ca tattheva vakkhamāno pakaraṇajjhesane katādhīno buddhasīhamahāthero, so –

‘‘Vuttassa buddhasīhena;

Vinayassa vinicchayo;

Buddhasīhaṃ samuddissa;

Mama saddhivihārikaṃ;

Katoyaṃ pana bhikkhūnaṃ;

Hitatthāya samāsato’’ti. (vi. vi. 3177-3178) –

Evaṃ dassito.

Uttarappakaraṇassa hetukattā pana saṅghapālamahāthero, sopi –

‘‘Khantisoraccasosilya-buddhisaddhādayādayo;

Patiṭṭhitā guṇā yasmiṃ, ratanānīva sāgare.

‘‘Vinayācārayuttena, tena sakkacca sādaraṃ;

Yācito saṅghapālena, therena thiracetasā.

‘‘Suciraṭṭhitikāmena , vinayassa mahesino;

Bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭavatthāya, vinayassavinicchaye;

Akāsiṃ paramaṃ etaṃ, uttaraṃ nāma nāmato’’ti. (u. vi. 965-968) –

Evaṃ dassito. Na kevalamete dveyeva mahātherā hetukattāro, atha kho mahāvaṃsādīsu –

‘‘Buddhassa viya gambhīra-

Ghosattā taṃ viyākaruṃ;

‘Buddhaghoso’ti yo so hi;

Buddho viya mahītale’’ti. –

Ādinā nayena abhitthutaguṇo tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathākāro bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo ca anussutivasena ‘‘hetukattā’’ti veditabbo.

Kathaṃ? Ayaṃ kira bhadantabuddhadattācariyo laṅkādīpato sajātibhūmiṃ jambudīpamāgacchanto bhadantabuddhaghosācariyaṃ jambudīpavāsikehi paṭipattiparāyanehi yuttabyattaguṇopetehi mahātheravarehi katārādhanaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ parivattetvā sakalajanasādhāraṇāya mūlabhāsāya tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathaṃ likhituṃ laṅkādīpaṃ gacchantaṃ antarāmagge disvā sākacchāya samupaparikkhitvā sabbalokātītena asadisena paṇḍiccaguṇena ratananidhidassane paramadaliddo viya balavaparitosaṃ patvā aṭṭhakathamassa kātukāmataṃ ñatvā ‘‘tumhe yathādhippetapariyantalikhitamaṭṭhakathaṃ amhākaṃ pesetha, mayamassā pakaraṇaṃ likhāmā’’ti tassa sammukhā paṭijānitvā tena ca ‘‘sādhu tathā kātabba’’nti ajjhesito abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya abhidhammāvatāraṃ, vinayaṭṭhakathāya sauttaraṃ vinayavinicchayapakaraṇañca akāsīti anussuyyateti.

‘‘Samāsenā’’ti iminā ca parimāṇampi sāmaññena dassitaṃ vitthāraparimāṇe tassa parimāṇasāmaññassa viññāyamānattā. Visesato pana paricchedaparimāṇaṃ ganthaparimāṇanti duvidhaṃ. Tattha paricchedaparimāṇaṃ imasmiṃ pakaraṇe kathāvohārena vuccati.

Seyyathidaṃ? – Pārājikakathā saṅghādisesakathā aniyatakathā nissaggiyakathā pācittiyakathā pāṭidesanīyakathā sekhiyakathāti bhikkhuvibhaṅgakathā sattavidhā, tato aniyatakathaṃ vajjetvā tatheva bhikkhunivibhaṅgakathā chabbidhā, mahākhandhakakathādikā bhikkhunikkhandhakakathāvasānā vīsatividhā khandhakakathā, kammakathā, kammavipattikathā, pakiṇṇakavinicchayo, kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāvidhānanti vinayavinicchaye kathāparicchedo sattatiṃsa.

Uttarappakaraṇe ca vuttanayena bhikkhuvibhaṅge sattavidhā kathā, bhikkhunivibhaṅge chabbidhā, tadanantarā vipattikathā, adhikaraṇapaccayakathā, khandhakapañhākathā, samuṭṭhānasīsakathā, āpattisamuṭṭhānakathā, ekuttaranayakathā, sedamocanakathā, vibhaṅgadvayanidānādikathā, sabbaṅgalakkhaṇakathā, parivārasaṅkalanakathāti chattiṃsa kathāparicchedā.

Nissandehe pana ‘‘aṭṭhatiṃsa kathāparicchedā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ ekuttaranaye adassitehipi dvādasakapannarasakanayehi saha soḷasaparicchede gahetvā appakaṃ ūnamadhikaṃ gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti katvā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ubhayattha kathāparicchedaparimāṇaṃ tesattatividhaṃ hoti. Nissandehe ‘‘pañcasattatividhā’’ti vacane parihāro vuttanayova. Ganthaparimāṇaṃ pana vinayavinicchaye asītiganthādhikāni cattāri ganthasahassāni, uttare paññāsaganthādhikāni nava ganthasatāni honti. Tena vuttaṃ uttarāvasāne –

‘‘Gāthā catusahassāni, satañca ūnavīsati;

Parimāṇatoti viññeyyo, vinayassavinicchayo.

Paññāsādhikasaṅkhāni, nava gāthāsatāni hi;

Gaṇanā uttarassāyaṃ, chandasānuṭṭhubhena tū’’ti. (u. vi. 969-970);

Iccevaṃ vinayavinicchayo uttaro cāti dve pakaraṇāni tiṃsādhikāni pañcagāthāsahassāni. Ettha ca vinayavinicchayo nāma ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakāgatavinicchayasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ. Tato paraṃ parivāratthasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ uttaro nāma. Teneva vakkhati –

‘‘Yo mayā racito sāro, vinayassavinicchayo;

Tassa dāni karissāmi, sabbānuttaramuttara’’nti. (u. vi. 2)

Taṃ kasmā uttaranāmena vohariyatīti? Pañhuttaravasena ṭhite parivāre tatheva saṅgahetabbepi tena pakārena pārājikakathāmattaṃ dassetvā –

‘‘Ito paṭṭhāya muñcitvā, pañhāpucchanamattakaṃ;

Vissajjanavaseneva, hoti atthavinicchayo’’ti. (u. vi. 14) –

Vatvā pañhaṃ pahāya tato paṭṭhāya uttaramattasseva dassitattā tathā voharīyanti.

‘‘Tasmā vinayanūpāya’’ntiādinā pana sotujanaṃ sakkaccasavane niyojeti. Sakkaccasavanapaṭibaddhā hi sabbāpi lokiyalokuttarasampattīti ayamettha samudāyattho. Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – so yasmā atthayojanakkamena padayojanaṃ katvā vaṇṇite suviññeyyo hoti, tasmā tathā padayojanaṃ katvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma –

Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ buddhañceva bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhammañceva niraṅgaṇaṃ gaṇañceva sirasā vanditvā bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnañca hitatthāya samāsena samāhito vinayassavinicchayaṃ vakkhāmīti yojanā.

Tattha seṭṭhanti sabbe ime pasatthā ayametesaṃ atisayena pasatthoti seṭṭho. Tathā hi so bhagavā ‘‘ahañhi brāhmaṇa jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassā’’ti (pārā. 11) verañjabrāhmaṇassa attano jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvassa parijānanavinicchayahetubhūtāhi jhānādīhi niratisayaguṇasampattīhi samannāgatattā –

‘‘Tvameva asi sambuddho, tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro;

Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo. (dī. ni. 2.370);

Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā, tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni;

Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā, tiṇṇo tāresimaṃ pajaṃ.

Upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā;

Sīhosi anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo. (ma. ni. 2.400; su. ni. 550-551; theragā. 839-940);

Mahāvīra mahāpañña, iddhiyā yasasā jala;

Sabbaverabhayātīta, pāde vandāmi cakkhumā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159; dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.56); –

Ādīhī nānānayehi sadevakena lokena abhitthaviyatāya pasatthatamo, tameva seṭṭhaṃ pasatthatamanti attho.

Appaṭipuggalanti natthi etassa paṭipuggalo adhiko, sadiso vāti appaṭipuggalo. Tathā hi guṇavasena anantāparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu attanā adhikassa, sadisassa vā puggalassa abhāvato –

‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati;

Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo’’ti. (mahāva. 11) –

Attanāva attano aviparīto appaṭipuggalabhāvo paṭiññāto, tasmā taṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ sabbalokuttamanti attho.

Buddhanti anantamaparimeyyaṃ ñeyyamaṇḍalamanavasesaṃ buddhavāti buddho, etena anekakappakoṭisatasahassaṃ sambhatapuññañāṇasambhārānubhāvasiddhidhammarūpakāyasirivilāsapaṭimaṇḍito saddhammavaracakkavattī sammāsambuddho dassito. Atha vā cattāri saccāni sayaṃ vicitopacitapāramitāparipācitena savāsanānavasesakilesappahāyakena sayambhuñāṇena bujjhīti buddho. Yathāha –

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (ma. ni. 2.392, 399; su. ni. 563; theragā. 828);

Vitthāro panassa ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162) niddesādīsu vuttanayena veditabbo. Saddasiddhi sāsanikānaṃ avagamanatthe vattamānā budha-dhātuto ‘‘bhāvakammesu ta’’ iti ito tātivattamāne ‘‘budhagamāditthe kattarī’’ti iminā kaccāyanasuttena kattari tappaccayavidhānato veditabbā. Lokiyānaṃ pana bodhanatthadhātūnampi gamanatthatāya vuttattā gatyatthākammakādi suttato kattari ta-ppaccayakaraṇena veditabbā.

Atha vā dhātūnaṃ anekatthatāya budha-iccayaṃ dhātu jāgaraṇavikasanatthesu vattamāno akammakoti ‘‘pabuddho puriso, pabuddhaṃ paduma’’ntiādīsu viya buddhavā aññāṇaniddāvigamena ñāṇacakkhūni ummīlanto pabuddho, guṇehi vā vikasitoti kattari siddhena buddha-saddena ‘‘buddho’’ti tibhavanekacūḷāmaṇipādapaṅkajarāgaratano bhagavā lokanātho vuccati, imasmiṃ pakkhepi gatyatthādisutte akammakaggahaṇena paccayavidhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Atha vā sakammakānaṃ dhātūnaṃ kammavacanicchāya abhāve akammakabhāvato ‘‘phalaṃ sayameva pakka’’ntiādīsu viya bodhanattheyeva budha-dhātuto kattari vidhānaṃ sijjhati. Atha vā nīlaguṇayogena paṭādīsu nīlavohāro viya bhāvasādhanaṃ buddha-saddaṃ gahetvā buddhaguṇayogato ‘‘buddho’’ti voharīyati. Evamanekadhā siddhena buddha-saddena vuccamānaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ taṃ dhammarājanti attho.

‘‘Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggala’’nti padadvayaṃ ‘‘buddha’’nti etassa visesanaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘buddhaṃ, seṭṭhaṃ, appaṭipuggala’’nti imehi tīhi padehi nayato ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.157; 3.6; ma. ni. 1.147, 144; 3.434; saṃ. ni. 1.249; 5.479; a. ni. 5.14, 30; 6.25, 26; netti. 93), ‘‘yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu, sakyamunī bhagavā katakicco’’tiādīhi (vi. va. 886) ca anekehi suttapadehi dassitadūrāvidūrasantikanidānahetuphalasattopakārāvatthādhammattha- lokuddhārattikattayasaṅgahitaṃ suparisuddhaṃ buddhaguṇasamudayaṃ niravasesaṃ dasseti. Ayameva hi buddhaguṇānaṃ niravasesato dassanūpāyo, yadidaṃ nayadassanaṃ. Itarathā paṭipadavaṇṇanāya aparimitānaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ko hi nāma samattho pariyantaṃ gantuṃ. Yathāha –

‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ;

Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;

Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare;

Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.20; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.4; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; a. ni. ṭī. 1.1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; vajira. ṭī. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; netti. ṭī. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā);

Evametehi tīhi padehi niravasesaguṇasaṃkittanathutiyā vasena ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā paṇāmassa ca vuttattā imāya aḍḍhagāthāya buddharatanasaṅkhātapaṭhamavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Tadanantaraṃ dhammaratanassa paṇāmaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhamma’’nti. Ettha bhava-saddena dve bhavā vuttā kammabhavo, upapattibhavoti. Tattha kammabhavo bhavati etasmā phalanti ‘‘bhavo’’ti vuccati. Vipākakkhandhakaṭattārūpasaṅkhāto pana upapattibhavo avijjātaṇhupādānasaṅkhārādisahakārikāraṇayuttena kusalākusalacetanāsaṅkhātakammabhavapaccayena yathārahaṃ bhavatīti ‘‘bhavo’’ti vuccati. So pana kāmabhavarūpabhavaarūpabhavasaññībhavaasaññībhavanevasaññīnāsaññībhava- ekavokārabhavacatuvokārabhavapañcavokārabhavavasena navavidho. Evametesu navasu bhavesu dasavidhopi dhammo attānaṃ dhārentassa puggalasantānassa anupādisesanibbānadhātuyā paraṃ appaṭisandhikatāsādhanena bhavesu , bhavassa vā abhāvaṃ karotīti bhavābhāvakaro, taṃ, aparāparajātippabandhassa hetusamugghātena appavattidhammatāpādakanti attho.

Dhammanti attānaṃ dhārente catūsu apāyesu, saṃsāre ca apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo, so catumaggaphalanibbānasaṅkhātanavalokuttaradhammo ca tappaṭipādako navaṅgasāsanāparanāmadheyyacaturāsītisahassadhammakkhandhappabhedabhinno pariyattidhammo cāti dasavidho. Sopi nippariyāyadhammo, pariyāyadhammo cāti duvidho. Tattha nippariyāyadhammo nāma apāye, saṃsāre vā padhānahetubhūtānaṃ uddhambhāgiyānaṃ, orambhāgiyānañca dasannaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ samucchindanena maggadhammo, tassa taṃkiccanipphattinimittabhāvena nibbānadhammo cāti pañcavidhopi nippariyāyena puggalasantānaṃ dhāretīti katvā ‘‘nippariyāyadhammo’’ti vuccati. Cattāri pana sāmaññaphalāni paṭippassaddhipahānena maggānuguṇappavattiyā, pariyatti ca magganibbānādhigamassa mūlakāraṇabhāvatoti pañcavidhopi pariyāyadhammo nāma.

Ettāvatā ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.249; a. ni. 3.76; dī. ni. 3.6; a. ni. 6.10, 25, 26), ‘‘rāgavirāgamanejamasoka’’ntiādīhi (vi. va. 887) ca suttantehi vuttassa, tadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca vaṇṇitassa saraṇānussaraṇavasenāpi saggamokkhasampattipaṭilābhakāraṇassa anavasesassa dhammaratanaguṇassa nayato uddiṭṭhattā ca ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā paṇāmassa dassitattā ca dhammaratanasaṅkhātassa dutiyassa vandanīyassa thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Tadanantaraṃ saṅgharatanassa vandanāsandassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘gaṇañceva niraṅgaṇa’’nti. Ettha ‘‘rāgo aṅgaṇaṃ doso aṅgaṇaṃ moho aṅgaṇa’’nti (vibha. 924) vuttehi rāgādiaṅgaṇehi tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavimuttivasena niggato vimuttoti niraṅgaṇo, taṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ. Ariyavaṃse sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanasaṅkhātehi guṇagaṇehi gaṇīyatīti gaṇo, taṃ.

Ettāvatā ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.249; a. ni. 3.76; dī. ni. 3.6; a. ni. 6.10, 25, 26;), ‘‘yattha ca dinnaṃ mahapphalamāhu, catūsu sucīsu purisayugesū’’tiādīhi (vi. va. 888) ca tehi tehi suttapadehi vuttānaṃ, tadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca vaṇṇitānaṃ vimalātulanikhilavisālapesalasīlādinānappakārānagghasaṅgharatanaguṇānaṃ saṃkittanasabhāvāya thutiyā ca ‘‘vanditvā’’ti etena yathāvuttasarūpapabhedapaṇāmassa vuttattā ca saṅgharatanasaṅkhātatatiyavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātā vandanā dassitāti veditabbā. Sirasāti attappasādagāravāvahantena muddhanā. Vanditvāti paṇamitvā thomitvā vā.

Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya vandanīyassa ratanattayassa thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātaṃ vandanaṃ dassetvā tadanantarāya sandassetabbapayojanādipaṭipādikāya gāthāya ‘‘bhikkhūna’’nti iminā kiñcāpi saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti kalyāṇaputhujjanena saddhiṃ aṭṭha ariyapuggalā vuccanti, pāḷiyaṃ (pārā. 44-45; vibha. 510) pana ‘‘bhinnapaṭaṃ dhāretīti bhikkhu, bhikkhanasīloti bhikkhū’’tiādinā bhikkhusaddassa atthuddhāravasena nibbacanantarāni dassetvā pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvaraṇārahasseva adhippetabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘samaggena saṅghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampanno, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhū’’ti dassitā sikkhākāmā sāsanāvacārā kulaputtā idhādhippetā, tesaṃ bhikkhūnañca. Bhikkhunīnañcāti aṭṭhavācikaupasampadākammena ubhatosaṅghe upasampannātādisāyeva kuladhītaro dassitā. Ekatopasampannāpi sāmaññena gayhanti. Ekatopasampannāti ca bhikkhunisaṅghe upasampajjitvā yāva bhikkhusaṅghe na upasampajjanti, tāva, bhikkhunī ca liṅgaparivattanena bhikkhunibhāvappattā adhippetā, tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnañca.

Hitatthāyāti sabbasampattinipphādakaraṇatthāya hinoti gacchati yathādhippetaphalasādhane pavattatīti hitanti arogatādikāraṇaṃ amatosadhādi vuccati. Idha pana saggamokkhasampattisiddhikāraṇaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlarakkhanaṃ vuccati, tadatthāya.

Samāhito sammā āhito pavattito vinicchayamaggo etenāti ‘‘samāhito’’ti pakaraṇakārako dassito. Atha vā sammā āhitaṃ vinayavinicchaye ṭhapitaṃ pavattitaṃ cittametassāti ‘‘samāhitacitto’’ti vattabbe uttarapadalopena ‘‘samāhito’’ti vutto. Paramagambhīrasuduttaravinayapiṭakatthavinicchaye pavattanārahassa iminā visesanena attani samāhitacittappavattinimittabhūto attano ñāṇassa padaṭṭhānabhūto samādhi dassito tena samādhinā samāhito hutvāti attho.

Pavakkhāmīti pakārena vakkhāmi, yena pakārena vinayavinicchaye vutte ajjatanā mandasatimativīriyā paṭipajjanakā gambhīrataraṃ vinayapiṭakatthavinicchayaṃ sukhena uggaṇhituṃ, dhāretuñca sakkonti, tādisena pakāravisesena vakkhāmīti attho. Samāsenāti samasanaṃ saṃkhipanaṃ samāso, tena, saṃkhittarucikānamugghāṭitaññūnaṃ katādhikārānaṃ ñāṇuttarānaṃ puggalānañca papañcabhīrukānaṃ gahaṇadhāraṇe mandayantānaṃ mandabuddhīnañca upakārakena nātivitthārakkamenāti attho. Vinayassāti vinayapiṭakassa. Tañhi –

‘‘Vividhavisesanayattā;

Vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ;

Vinayo ‘vinayo’ti akkhāto’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) –

Vuttehi atthavisesehi ‘‘vinayo’’ti vuccati. Tassa evaṃ sandassitasabhāvassa ‘‘vinayo nāma sāsanassa āyū’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 5.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) saṅgītikārakehi mahākassapādīhi abhitthutaguṇassa vinayapiṭakuttamassa. Vinicchayanti visesena, vividhena vā ākārena vippaṭipattinīharaṇavasena cīyati vibhajīyatīti ‘‘vinicchayo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ vibhajanaṃ, vinayavinicchayaṃ nāma pakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Vinayassavinicchaya’’nti ca aluttasamāsoyaṃ ‘‘devānaṃpiyatisso, kaṇṭhekāḷo’’tiādīsu viya.

Evaṃ dutiyagāthāya kattunimittapayojanābhidhānābhidheyyapakaraṇappakārekadesaṃ dassetvā sakkaccasavanakāraṇanidassanamukhenāpi pakaraṇappakārādiṃ dassetumāha ‘‘anākula’’miccādi. Tattha anākulanti natthi ettha saddato, atthato, vinicchayato vā ākulaṃ pubbāparavirodho, missatā vāti anākulo, vinayavinicchayo, taṃ vadato me nibodhathāti sambandho. Asaṃkiṇṇanti nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ.

Madhuratthapadakkamanti padānaṃ kamo padakkamo, padagati, saddānamuccāraṇanti attho. Madhuro attho ca padakkamo ca yassa so madhuratthapadakkamo, taṃ –

‘‘Padāsattaṃ padatthānaṃ, madhuratthamudīritaṃ;

Yena majjanti dhīmanto, madhuneva madhubbatā’’ti. –

Iminā lakkhaṇena saddānamatthānañca vasena padāsattāparanāmadheyyamādhuriyālaṅkārena samalaṅkatattā madhuratthapadakkamaṃ.

Paṭubhāvakaranti paṭati gacchati pajānātīti paṭu, paññavā, paṭuno bhāvo, saddappavattinimittabhūtā paññā, taṃ paṭubhāvaṃ paññāvisesaṃ karoti janetīti paṭubhāvakaro, taṃ, paññāvisesajanakanti attho. Etaṃ vinayassa vinicchayanti yojanā. Paramanti uttamaṃ. Vinayakkameti vinayapiṭake, tadatthe ca, pavattikkame paṭubhāvakaranti attho.

Evaṃ tatiyagāthāya pakaraṇaguṇāpadesena sotujanaṃ samussāhetvā idāni ‘‘apāra’’ntiādicatutthagāthāya pakaraṇañca tannissayaṃ vinayapiṭakañca nāvāsāgarabhāvena dassetvā tirobhūtopameyyopamānabhedena rūpakālaṅkārena pakaraṇaguṇaṃ pakāsento sotujanaṃ samuttejeti. Tattha apāranti natthi pāraṃ etassāti apāro, vinayasāgaro. So hi purimabuddhuppādesu sāsanaṃ pasīditvā vinayapiṭake uggahaṇadhāraṇapaṭipādanapaṭipattivasena akatādhikārehi puggalehi duradhigamanīyadhammatthaniruttipaṭibhānapariyantatāya ‘‘apāro’’ti vuccati.

Otarantānanti sajjhāyanasavanadhāraṇādivasena ajjhogāhantānaṃ. Sāranti nibbānasampāpakabhāvena sārabhūtāya ariyamaggasambhārāya pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā mūlabhūtapātimokkhasaṃvarasaṅkhātasīlasārappakāsakatāya sāraṃ. Vinayasāgaranti vinayapiṭakasaṅkhātaṃ sāgaraṃ. Vinayo hi sikkhāpadapaññattiyā kālappattajānanassāpi dhammasenāpatiādīnampi avisayattā atigambhīrātivitthiṇṇabhāvena sāgaro viyāti sāgaro, vinayo ca so sāgaro cāti vinayasāgaro, taṃ, agādhāpāraguṇayogato sāgaropamaṃ vinayapiṭakanti attho.

Dutiyagāthāya ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti vatvāpi ‘‘hitatthāyā’’ti iminā sambandhattā ca vākyantarehi antaritabhāvena dūrattā ca taṃ anādiyitvā ettha vinayasāgarajjhogāhanatadatthapaṭipajjanārahakattuvisesasandassanatthāya ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti puna vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nāvā viya bhūto nāvābhūto, taṃ, nāvāṭṭhāniyaṃ mahānāvāsadisanti attho. Manoramanti mano ramati ettha, etenāti vā manoramo, taṃ, ajjhāyanavohārapasutānaṃ paṭipattiparāyanānañca sādhūnaṃ manoramanti attho.

Ettāvatā pakaraṇaguṇasaṃkittanena sotujanaṃ samuttejetvā idāni sakkaccasavane niyojento ‘‘tasmā vinayanūpāya’’ntiādimāha. Tattha tasmāti yasmā yathāvuttaṃ anākulatādivividhānagghaguṇālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ, tena hetunāti attho. Vinayanūpāyanti vividhākārena, visesanayato vā kāyavācānaṃ nayanaṃ damanaṃ akattabbato nivattetvā kattabbesu niyojanaṃ vinayanaṃ, upecca taṃ phalaṃ āyati uppajjatīti upāyo, hetu, vinayanassa upāyo vinayanūpāyo, taṃ, kāyajīvitānapekkhānaṃ sikkhākāmānaṃ pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ kāyavācānaṃ ananulomikavipphanditāpanayanasaṅkhātadamanassa kāraṇabhūtanti vuttaṃ hoti.

Ettāvatā attanā kattumicchite pakaraṇe paṇḍitānaṃ pavattihetubhūtānaṃ anākulatādiguṇānaṃ vibhāvanavasena ‘‘anākula’’ntiādivisesanāni vatvā idāni sakkaccasavanāvabodhe visayaṃ visesitabbaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti. Ettha ca dutiyagāthāya ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti ‘‘pavakkhāmī’’ti kiriyāya kammadassanavasena vuttaṃ, taṃ idha ānetvā sambandhiyamānampi dūrasambandhaṃ hotīti tamanānetvā ‘‘nibodhathā’’ti imissā kiriyāya kammasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti vuttattā punaruttidosābhāvoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Avikkhittena cittenāti ettha vividhe ārammaṇe khittaṃ pesitaṃ vikkhittaṃ, uddhaccavicikicchādiparetaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittaṃ, na vikkhittaṃ avikkhittaṃ, tappaṭipakkhaṃ samāhitaṃ kusalacittaṃ, tena, etassa pakaraṇuttamassa savanādibyāpāraṃ vinā nānārammaṇesu pavattivasena vikkhepamanāpannena samāhitena cittenāti attho. ‘‘Avikkhittena…pe… nibodhathā’’ti vadantena ca ‘‘avikkhittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo vikkhittassā’’ti vacanato vikkhittassa dhammesu dāyādābhāvato attano pakaraṇatthabhūtāya adhisīlasikkhāya sammāpaṭipajjanāpadeso kato hoti.

Vadatometi ettha ‘‘gāravena cā’’ti pāṭhaseso. Tatthāyamattho – bhāsamāne mayi gāravena, yathāvuttena kāraṇena cāti sāmibhummānamavisesatāya ‘‘me’’ti sāmivacanassa ‘‘mayī’’ti atthasambhavato ayamattho vutto. Pakaraṇassa anākulatādiguṇasamannāgatattā ca vattari mayi gāravena ca samāhitena cetasāti adhippāyo. Nibodhathāti vākyatthapadatthaṃ sandhāyabhāsitatthabhāvatthādivasena nisesato bodhatha, sakkaccaṃ sutvā vinayavinicchayaṃ bujjhatha vijānāthāti attho, cintābhāvanāmayañāṇānaṃ mūlabhūtapakaraṇavisayaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ nipphādethāti adhippāyo.

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.