5. Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yo duddamiyoti āyasmato dabbattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā satthārā byākato yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaritvā kassapadasabalassa sāsanosakkanakāle pabbaji. Tadā tena saddhiṃ apare cha janāti satta bhikkhū ekacittā hutvā aññe sāsane agāravaṃ karonte disvā – ‘‘idha kiṃ karoma ekamante samaṇadhammaṃ katvā dukkhassantaṃ karissāmā’’ti nisseṇiṃ bandhitvā uccaṃ pabbatasikharaṃ āruhitvā, ‘‘attano cittabalaṃ jānantā nisseṇiṃ nipātentu, jīvite sālayā otarantu, mā pacchānutappino ahuvatthā’’ti vatvā sabbe ekacittā hutvā nisseṇiṃ pātetvā – ‘‘appamattā hotha, āvuso’’ti aññamaññaṃ ovaditvā cittarucikesu ṭhānesu nisīditvā samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ ārabhiṃsu.

Tatreko thero pañcame divase arahattaṃ patvā, ‘‘mama kiccaṃ nipphannaṃ, ahaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne kiṃ karissāmi’’ti iddhiyā uttarakuruto piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā, ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjatha, bhikkhācārakiccaṃ mamāyattaṃ hotu, tumhe attano kammaṃ karothā’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho mayaṃ, āvuso, nisseṇiṃ pātentā evaṃ avocumha – ‘yo paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ sacchikaroti, so bhikkhaṃ āharatu, tenābhataṃ sesā paribhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karissantī’’’ti. ‘‘Natthi, āvuso’’ti. Tumhe attano pubbahetunā labhittha, mayampi sakkontā vaṭṭassantaṃ karissāma, gacchatha tumheti. Thero te saññāpetuṃ asakkonto phāsukaṭṭhāne piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā gato . Aparo thero sattame divase anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā tato cuto suddhāvāsabrahmaloke nibbatto. Itare therā tato cutā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā tesu tesu kulesu nibbattā. Eko gandhāraraṭṭhe takkasilānagare rājagehe nibbatto, eko majjhantikaraṭṭhe paribbājikāya kucchimhi nibbatto, eko bāhiyaraṭṭhe kuṭumbiyagehe nibbatto, eko bhikkhunupassaye jāto.

Ayaṃ pana dabbatthero mallaraṭṭhe anupiyanagare ekassa mallarañño gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā upavijaññā kālamakāsi, matasarīraṃ susānaṃ netvā dārucitakaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ adaṃsu. Tassā aggivegasantattaṃ udarapaṭalaṃ dvedhā ahosi. Dārako attano puññabalena uppatitvā ekasmiṃ dabbatthambhe nipati. Taṃ dārakaṃ gahetvā ayyikāya adaṃsu. Sā tassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantī dabbatthambhe patitvā laddhajīvitattā ‘‘dabbo’’tissa nāmaṃ akāsi. Tassa ca sattavassikakāle satthā bhikkhusaṅghaparivāro mallaraṭṭhe cārikaṃ caramāno anupiyambavane viharati. Dabbakumāro satthāraṃ disvā dassaneneva pasīditvā pabbajitukāmo hutvā ‘‘ahaṃ dasabalassa santike pabbajissāmī’’ti ayyikaṃ āpucchi. Sā ‘‘sādhu, tātā’’ti dabbakumāraṃ ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā, ‘‘bhante, imaṃ kumāraṃ pabbājethā’’ti āha. Satthā aññatarassa bhikkhuno saññaṃ adāsi – ‘‘bhikkhu imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So thero satthu vacanaṃ sutvā dabbakumāraṃ pabbājento tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. Pubbahetusampanno katābhinīhāro satto paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā voropanakkhaṇe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, dutiyāya kesavaṭṭiyā oropiyamānāya sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya anāgāmiphale, sabbakesānaṃ pana oropanañca arahattaphalasacchikiriyā ca apacchā apure ahosi. Satthā mallaraṭṭhe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā rājagahaṃ gantvā veḷuvane vāsaṃ kappesi.

Tatrāyasmā dabbo mallaputto rahogato attano kiccanipphattiṃ oloketvā saṅghassa veyyāvaccakaraṇe kāyaṃ yojetukāmo cintesi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ saṅghassa senāsanañca paññāpeyyaṃ bhattāni ca uddiseyya’’nti. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā attano parivitakkaṃ ārocesi. Satthā tassa sādhukāraṃ datvā senāsanapaññāpakattañca bhattuddesakattañca sampaṭicchi. Atha naṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dabbo daharova samāno mahante ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti sattavassikakāleyeva upasampādesi. Thero upasampannakālato paṭṭhāya rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharantānaṃ sabbabhikkhūnaṃ senāsanāni ca paññāpeti, bhikkhañca uddisati. Tassa senāsanapaññāpakabhāvo sabbadisāsu pākaṭo ahosi – ‘‘dabbo kira mallaputto sabhāgasabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ekaṭṭhāne senāsanāni paññāpeti, āsannepi dūrepi senāsanaṃ paññāpeti, gantuṃ asakkonte iddhiyā netī’’ti.

Atha naṃ bhikkhū kālepi vikālepi – ‘‘amhākaṃ, āvuso, jīvakambavane senāsanaṃ paññāpehi, amhākaṃ maddakucchismiṃ migadāye’’ti evaṃ senāsanaṃ uddisāpetvā tassa iddhiṃ passantā gacchanti. Sopi iddhiyā manomaye kāye abhisaṅkharitvā ekekassa therassa ekekaṃ attanā sadisaṃ bhikkhuṃ datvā aṅguliyā jalamānāya purato gantvā ‘‘ayaṃ mañco idaṃ pīṭha’’ntiādīni vatvā senāsanaṃ paññāpetvā puna attano vasanaṭṭhānameva āgacchati . Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panidaṃ vatthu pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva. Satthā idameva kāraṇaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ yadidaṃ dabbo mallaputto’’ti (a. ni. 1.209; 214). Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54, 108-149) –

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;

Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.

‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;

Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.

‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;

Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.

‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;

Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.

‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;

Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, seṭṭhiputto mahāyaso;

Upetvā lokapajjotaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.

‘‘Senāsanāni bhikkhūnaṃ, paññāpentaṃ sasāvakaṃ;

Kittayantassa vacanaṃ, suṇitvā mudito ahaṃ.

‘‘Adhikāraṃ sasaṅghassa, katvā tassa mahesino;

Nipacca sirasā pāde, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.

‘‘Tadāha sa mahāvīro, mama kammaṃ pakittayaṃ;

Yo sasaṅghamabhojesi, sattāhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Soyaṃ kamalapattakkho, sīhaṃso kanakattaco;

Mama pādamūle nipati, patthayaṃ ṭhānamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Sāvako tassa buddhassa, dabbo nāmena vissuto;

Senāsanapaññāpako, aggo hessatiyaṃ tadā.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Sabbattha sukhito āsiṃ, tassa kammassa vāhasā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, vipassī nāma nāyako;

Uppajji cārudassano, sabbadhammavipassako.

‘‘Duṭṭhacitto upavadiṃ, sāvakaṃ tassa tādino;

Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇaṃ, suddhoti ca vijāniya.

‘‘Tasseva naravīrassa, sāvakānaṃ mahesinaṃ;

Salākañca gahetvāna, khīrodanamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;

Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.

‘‘Sāsanaṃ jotayitvāna, abhibhuyya kutitthiye;

Vineyye vinayitvāva, nibbuto so sasāvako.

‘‘Sasisse nibbute nāthe, atthamentamhi sāsane;

Devā kandiṃsu saṃviggā, muttakesā rudammukhā.

‘‘Nibbāyissati dhammakkho, na passisāma subbate;

Na suṇissāma saddhammaṃ, aho no appapuññatā.

‘‘Tadāyaṃ pathavī sabbā, acalā sā calācalā;

Sāgaro ca sasokova, vinadī karuṇaṃ giraṃ.

‘‘Catuddisā dundubhiyo, nādayiṃsu amānusā;

Samantato asaniyo, phaliṃsu ca bhayāvahā.

‘‘Ukkā patiṃsu nabhasā, dhūmaketu ca dissati;

Sadhūmā jālavaṭṭā ca, raviṃsu karuṇaṃ migā.

‘‘Uppāde dāruṇe disvā, sāsanatthaṅgasūcake;

Saṃviggā bhikkhavo satta, cintayimha mayaṃ tadā.

‘‘Sāsanena vināmhākaṃ, jīvitena alaṃ mayaṃ;

Pavisitvā mahāraññaṃ, yuñjāma jinasāsane.

‘‘Addasamha tadāraññe, ubbiddhaṃ selamuttamaṃ;

Nisseṇiyā tamāruyha, nisseṇiṃ pātayimhase.

‘‘Tadā ovadi no thero, buddhuppādo sudullabho;

Saddhātidullabhā laddhā, thokaṃ sesañca sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Nipatanti khaṇātītā, anante dukkhasāgare;

Tasmā payogo kattabbo, yāva ṭhāti mune mataṃ.

‘‘Arahā āsi so thero, anāgāmī tadānugo;

Susīlā itare yuttā, devalokaṃ agamhase.

‘‘Nibbuto tiṇṇasaṃsāro, suddhāvāse ca ekako;

Ahañca pakkusāti ca, sabhiyo bāhiyo tathā.

‘‘Kumārakassapo, ceva, tattha tatthūpagā mayaṃ;

Saṃsārabandhanā muttā, gotamenānukampitā.

‘‘Mallesu kusinārāyaṃ, gabbhe jātassa me sato;

Mātā matā citāruḷhā, tato nippatito ahaṃ.

‘‘Patito dabbapuñjamhi, tato dabboti vissuto;

Brahmacārībalenāhaṃ, vimutto sattavassiko.

‘‘Khīrodanabalenāhaṃ , pañcahaṅgehupāgato;

Khīṇāsavopavādena, pāpehi bahu codito.

‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, vītivattomhi dānihaṃ;

Patvāna paramaṃ santiṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Senāsanaṃ paññāpayiṃ, hāsayitvāna subbate;

Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe…kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃbhūtaṃ pana taṃ yena pubbe ekassa khīṇāsavattherassa anuddhaṃsanavasena katena pāpakammena bahūni vassasatasahassāni niraye pacci, tāya eva kammapilotikāya codiyamānā mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū ‘‘iminā mayaṃ kalyāṇabhattikassa gahapatino antare paribheditā’’ti duggahitagāhino amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṃsesuṃ. Tasmiñca adhikaraṇe saṅghena sativinayena vūpasamite ayaṃ thero lokānukampāya attano guṇe vibhāvento ‘‘yo duddamiyo’’ti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.

5. Tattha yoti aniyamitaniddeso, tassa ‘‘so’’ti iminā niyamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ubhayenapi aññaṃ viya katvā attānameva vadati. Duddamiyoti duddamo, dametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Idañca attano puthujjanakāle diṭṭhigatānaṃ visūkāyikānaṃ kilesānaṃ madālepacittassa vipphanditaṃ indriyānaṃ avūpasamanañca cintetvā vadati. Damenāti uttamena aggamaggadamena, tena hi danto puna dametabbatābhāvato ‘‘danto’’ti vattabbataṃ arahati, na aññena. Atha vā damenāti damakena purisadammasārathinā damito . Dabboti drabyo, bhabboti attho. Tenāha bhagavā imameva theraṃ sandhāya – ‘‘na kho, dabba, dabbā evaṃ nibbeṭhentī’’ti (pārā. 384; cūḷava. 193) . Santusitoti yathāladdhapaccayasantosena jhānasamāpattisantosena maggaphalasantosena ca santuṭṭho. Vitiṇṇakaṅkhoti soḷasavatthukāya aṭṭhavatthukāya ca kaṅkhāya paṭhamamaggeneva samugghāṭitattā vigatakaṅkho. Vijitāvīti purisājānīyena vijetabbassa sabbassapi saṃkilesapakkhassa vijitattā vidhamitattā vijitāvī. Apetabheravoti pañcavīsatiyā bhayānaṃ sabbaso apetattā apagatabheravo abhayūparato . Puna dabboti nāmakittanaṃ. Parinibbutoti dve parinibbānāni kilesaparinibbānañca, yā saupādisesanibbānadhātu, khandhaparinibbānañca, yā anupādisesanibbānadhātu. Tesu idha kilesaparinibbānaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā pahātabbadhammānaṃ maggena sabbaso pahīnattā kilesaparinibbānena parinibbutoti attho. Ṭhitattoti ṭhitasabhāvo acalo iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattiyā lokadhammehi akampanīyo. Hīti ca hetuatthe nipāto, tena yo pubbe duddamo hutvā ṭhito yasmā dabbattā satthārā uttamena damena damito santusito vitiṇṇakaṅkho vijitāvī apetabheravo, tasmā so dabbo parinibbuto tatoyeva ca ṭhitatto, evaṃbhūte ca tasmiṃ cittapasādova kātabbo, na pasādaññathattanti paraneyyabuddhike satte anukampanto thero aññaṃ byākāsi.

Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.