3. Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Ambapālivaggo

1. Ambapālisuttavaṇṇanā

367. Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyuttassa paṭhame ambapālivaneti ambapāliyā nāma rūpūpajīviniyā ropite ambavane. Taṃ kira tassā uyyānaṃ ahosi. Sā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannacittā tattha vihāraṃ kāretvā tathāgatassa niyyātesi. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekāyanvāyanti ekāyano ayaṃ. Tattha ekāyanoti ekamaggo. Maggassa hi –

‘‘Maggo pantho patho pajjo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ;

Nāvā uttarasetū ca, kullo ca bhisi saṅkamo’’ti. (cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddeso 101) –

Bahūni nāmāni. Svāyaṃ idha ayananāmena vutto. Tasmā ekāyanvāyaṃ, bhikkhave, maggoti ettha ekamaggo. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo, na dvedhāpathabhūtoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo? Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena, nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena ca.

Sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti rāgādīhi malehi abhijjhāvisamalobhādīhi ca upakkilesehi saṃkiliṭṭhacittānaṃ sattānaṃ visuddhatthāya. Sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyāti sokassa ca paridevassa ca samatikkamāya, pahānāyāti attho. Dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāyāti kāyikadukkhassa ca cetasikadomanassassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ atthaṅgamāya, nirodhāyāti attho. Ñāyassa adhigamāyāti ñāyo vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, tassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi pubbabhāge lokiyo satipaṭṭhānamaggo bhāvito lokuttaramaggassa adhigamāya saṃvattati . Tenāha ‘‘ñāyassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyāti taṇhāvānavirahitattā nibbānanti laddhanāmassa amatassa sacchikiriyāya, attapaccakkhāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi maggo bhāvito anupubbena nibbānasacchikiriyaṃ sādheti. Tenāha ‘‘nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti.

Evaṃ bhagavatā sattahi padehi ekāyanamaggassa vaṇṇo bhāsito, so kasmāti ce? Bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ. Vaṇṇabhāsanañhi sutvā te bhikkhū – ‘‘ayaṃ kira maggo hadayasantāpabhūtaṃ sokaṃ, vācāvippalāpabhūtaṃ paridevaṃ, kāyikaasātabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ, cetasikaasātabhūtaṃ domanassanti cattāro upaddave harati. Visuddhiṃ, ñāyaṃ, nibbānanti tayo visese āvahatī’’ti ussāhajātā imaṃ desanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ, dhāretabbaṃ, imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissanti. Iti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi kambalavāṇijādayo kambalādīnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ viya.

Yadidanti nipāto, ye imeti ayamassa attho. Cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo. Tena ‘‘na tato heṭṭhā, na uddha’’nti satipaṭṭhānaparicchedaṃ dīpeti. Satipaṭṭhānāti tayo satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi, tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatāpi, satipi. ‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi taṃ suṇātha. Ko ca, bhikkhave, kāyassa samudayo? Āharasamudayā kāyasamudayo’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.408) hi satigocaro satipaṭṭhānanti vutto. Tathā ‘‘kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ, no sati, sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati cā’’tiādīsupi (paṭi. ma. 2.35). Tassa attho – patiṭṭhāti asminti paṭṭhānaṃ. Kā patiṭṭhāti? Sati. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Padhānaṃ ṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ hatthiṭṭhānaassaṭṭhānādīni viya.

‘‘Tayo satipaṭṭhānā, yadariyo sevati, yadariyo sevamāno satthā gaṇamanusāsitumarahatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.311) ettha tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatā satipaṭṭhānanti vuttā. Tassattho – paṭṭhapetabbato paṭṭhānaṃ, pavattayitabbatoti attho. Kena paṭṭhapetabboti? Satiyā. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānanti.

‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrentī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.147; saṃ. ni. 5.989) pana satiyeva satipaṭṭhānanti vuttā. Tassattho – patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhāti okkanditvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho. Satiyeva paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Atha vā saraṇaṭṭhena sati, upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ, iti sati ca sā paṭṭhānañcātipi satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Idamidha adhippetaṃ.

Yadi evaṃ kasmā ‘‘satipaṭṭhānā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ katanti? Satīnaṃ bahuttā. Ārammaṇabhedena hi bahukā satiyo. Atha ‘‘maggo’’ti kasmā ekavacananti? Magganaṭṭhena ekattā. Catassopi hi etā satiyo magganaṭṭhena ekattaṃ gacchanti. Vutañhetaṃ ‘‘maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo? Nibbānamagganaṭṭhena, nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena cā’’ti. Catassopi cetā aparabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu kiccaṃ sādhayamānā nibbānaṃ gacchanti, ādito paṭṭhāya ca nibbānatthikehi maggiyantīti tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuttā. Evañca sati vacanānusandhinā sānusandhikāva desanā hoti.

Katame cattāroti kathetukamyatāpucchā. Kāyeti rūpakāye. Kāyānupassīti kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo, kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno. Ayañhi bhikkhu imaṃ kāyaṃ aniccānupassanādīnaṃ sattannaṃ anupassanānaṃ vasena aniccato anupassati, no niccato, dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato, anattato anupassati, no attato, nibbindati, no nandati, virajjati, no rajjati, nirodheti, no samudeti, paṭinissajjati, no ādiyati. So taṃ aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati, dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃ pajahati , anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ pajahati, nibbindanto nandiṃ pajahati, virajjanto rāgaṃ pajahati, nirodhento samudayaṃ pajahati, paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahatīti veditabbo.

Viharatīti irīyati. Ātāpīti tīsu bhavesu kilese ātapatīti ātāpo, vīriyassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Ātāpo assa atthīti ātāpī. Sampajānoti sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato. Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato. Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati. Na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi, tenevāha ‘‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Tasmā ettha ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī viharatī’’ti ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti, asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati, muṭṭhassati upāyāpariccāge anupāyāpariggahe ca asamattho hoti, tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati. Tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati, tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ātāpī sampajāno satimā’’ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañjassa dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti vuttaṃ. Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā. Loketi tasmiṃyeva kāye. Kāyo hi idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti adhippeto. Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīyati, vedanādīsupi pahīyati eva. Tasmā ‘‘pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko’’ti vibhaṅge (vibha. 362) vuttaṃ. Lokasaṅkhātattā vā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāranayenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panāha ‘‘tattha katamo loko, sveva kāyo loko’’ti, ayamevettha attho. Tasmiṃ loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vineyyāti evaṃ sambandho daṭṭhabbo.

Vedanāsūti ettha tisso vedanā, tā ca lokiyā eva, cittampi lokiyaṃ, tathā dhammā. Yathā pana vedanā anupassitabbā, tathā anupassanto esa vedanānupassīti veditabbo. Esa nayo cittadhammesu. Kathañca vedanā anupassitabbāti? Sukhā tāva vedanā dukkhato, dukkhā sallato, adukkhamasukhā aniccato. Yathāha –

‘‘Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;

Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhi naṃ aniccato;

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, upasanto carissatī’’ti.

Sabbā eva cetā dukkhātipi anupassitabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yaṃkiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.259). Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā, yathāha – ‘‘sukhā kho, āvuso visākha, vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.465) sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Apica aniccādisattaanupassanāvasenapi anupassitabbā.

Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādinānattabhedānaṃ aniccādianupassanānaṃ sarāgādīnañca bhedānaṃ vasena anupassitabbaṃ. Dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatadhammassa aniccādisattaanupassanānaṃ ‘‘santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchanda’’ntiādīnañca pabhedānaṃ vasena anupassitabbā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dīghamajjhimaṭṭhakathāsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.373 ādayo; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.105 ādayo) satipaṭṭhānavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbo.