6. Ajātasuttavaṇṇanā

43. Chaṭṭhe atthi, bhikkhaveti kā uppatti? Ekadivasaṃ kira bhagavatā anekapariyāyena saṃsāre ādīnavaṃ pakāsetvā tadupasamanādivasena nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammadesanāya katāya bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘ayaṃ saṃsāro bhagavatā avijjādīhi kāraṇehi sahetuko vutto, nibbānassa pana tadupasamassa na kiñci kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, tayidaṃ ahetukaṃ kathaṃ saccikaṭṭhaparamatthena upalabbhatī’’ti. Atha bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vimatividhamanatthañceva, ‘‘idha samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ‘nibbānaṃ nibbāna’nti vācāvatthumattameva, natthi hi paramatthato nibbānaṃ nāma anupalabbhamānasabhāvattā’’ti lokāyatikādayo viya vippaṭipannānaṃ bahiddhā ca puthudiṭṭhigatikānaṃ micchāvādabhañjanatthañca, amatamahānibbānassa paramatthato atthibhāvadīpanatthaṃ tassa ca nissaraṇabhāvādiānubhāvavantatādīpanatthaṃ pītivegena udānavasena idaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi. Tathā hi idaṃ suttaṃ udānepi (udā. 72-74) saṅgītaṃ.

Tattha atthīti vijjati paramatthato upalabbhati. Ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhatanti sabbānipi padāni aññamaññavevacanāni. Atha vā vedanādayo viya hetupaccayasamavāyasaṅkhātāya kāraṇasāmaggiyā na jātaṃ na nibbattanti ajātaṃ. Kāraṇena vinā sayameva na bhūtaṃ na pātubhūtaṃ na uppannanti abhūtaṃ. Evaṃ ajātattā abhūtattā ca yena kenaci kāraṇena na katanti akataṃ. Jātabhūtakatasabhāvo ca nāmarūpādīnaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ hoti, na asaṅkhatasabhāvassa nibbānassāti dassanatthaṃ asaṅkhatanti vuttaṃ. Paṭilomato vā samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katanti saṅkhataṃ, tathā na saṅkhataṃ, saṅkhatalakkhaṇarahitanti ca asaṅkhatanti evaṃ anekehi kāraṇehi nibbattitabhāve paṭisiddhe ‘‘siyā nu kho ekeneva kāraṇena kata’’nti āsaṅkāyaṃ ‘‘na kenaci kata’’nti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘akata’’nti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ appaccayampi samānaṃ ‘‘sayameva nu kho idaṃ bhūtaṃ pātubhūta’’nti āsaṅkāyaṃ tannivattanatthaṃ ‘‘abhūta’’nti vuttaṃ. Ayañca etassa asaṅkhatākatābhūtabhāvo sabbena sabbaṃ ajātidhammattāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ajāta’’nti vuttanti. Evametesaṃ catunnampi padānaṃ sātthakabhāvo veditabbo.

Iti bhagavā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti paramatthato nibbānassa atthibhāvaṃ vatvā tattha hetuṃ dassento ‘‘no cetaṃ, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepo – bhikkhave, yadi ajātādisabhāvā asaṅkhatā dhātu na abhavissa na siyā, idha loke jātādisabhāvassa rūpādikkhandhapañcakasaṅkhātassa saṅkhāragatassa nissaraṇaṃ anavasesavaṭṭupasamo na paññāyeyya na upalabbheyya na sambhaveyya. Nibbānañhi ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattamānā sammādiṭṭhiādayo ariyamaggadhammā anavasesato kilese samucchindanti, tenettha sabbassapi vaṭṭadukkhassa appavatti apagamo nissaraṇaṃ paññāyati.

Evaṃ byatirekavasena nibbānassa atthibhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni anvayavasenapi taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yasmā ca kho’’tiādi vuttaṃ, taṃ vuttatthameva. Ettha ca yasmā ‘‘apaccayā dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā (dha. sa. dukamātikā 7, 8). Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī (udā. 71). Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo (mahāva. 7; ma. ni. 1.281). Asaṅkhatañca vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi asaṅkhatagāminiñca paṭipada’’ntiādīhi (saṃ. ni. 4.366) anekehi suttapadehi ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajāta’’nti imināpi suttena nibbānadhātuyā paramatthato sabbhāvo sabbalokaṃ anukampamānena sammāsambuddhena desito, tasmā na paṭikkhipitabbaṃ. Tattha appaccakkhakārīnampi viññūnaṃ kaṅkhā vā vimati vā natthi eva. Ye pana abuddhipuggalā, tesaṃ vimativinodanatthaṃ ayamettha adhippāyaniddhāraṇamukhena yuttivicāraṇā – yathā pariññeyyatāya sauttarānaṃ kāmānaṃ rūpānañca paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tabbidhurasabhāvaṃ nissaraṇaṃ paññāyati, evaṃ taṃsabhāvānaṃ sabbesaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtena tabbidhurasabhāvena nissaraṇena bhavitabbaṃ. Yañcetaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, sā asaṅkhatā dhātu. Kiñca bhiyyo, saṅkhatadhammārammaṇaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ api anulomañāṇaṃ kilese samucchedavasena pajahituṃ na sakkoti, tathā sammutisaccārammaṇaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu ñāṇaṃ vikkhambhanavaseneva kilese pajahati, na samucchedavasena. Iti saṅkhatadhammārammaṇassa sammutisaccārammaṇassa ca ñāṇassa kilesānaṃ samucchedappahāne asamatthabhāvato tesaṃ samucchedappahānakarassa ariyamaggañāṇassa tadubhayaviparītasabhāvena ārammaṇena bhavitabbaṃ , sā asaṅkhatā dhātu. Tathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti idaṃ nibbānassa paramatthato atthibhāvajotakavacanaṃ aviparītatthaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitattā. Yañhi bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ aviparītatthaṃ paramatthanti yathā taṃ ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā, sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā, sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti (dha. pa. 277-279; cūḷani. hemakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 56). Tathā nibbānasaddo katthaci visaye yathābhūtaparamatthavisayo upacāravuttisabbhāvato seyyathāpi sīhasaddo. Atha vā attheva paramatthato asaṅkhatādhātu itaratabbiparītavinimuttasabhāvattā seyyathāpi pathavīdhātu vedanāti. Evamādīhi nayehi yuttitopi asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā paramatthato atthibhāvo veditabbo.

Gāthāsu jātanti jāyanaṭṭhena jātaṃ, jātilakkhaṇappattanti attho. Bhūtanti bhavanaṭṭhena bhūtaṃ, ahutvā sambhūtanti attho. Samuppannanti sahitabhāvena uppannaṃ, sahitehi dhammehi ca uppannanti attho. Katanti kāraṇabhūtehi paccayehi nibbattitaṃ. Saṅkhatanti tehiyeva samecca sambhuyya katanti saṅkhataṃ, sabbametaṃ paccayanibbattassa adhivacanaṃ. Niccasārādivirahitato addhuvaṃ. Jarāya maraṇena ca ekanteneva saṅghaṭitaṃ saṃsaṭṭhanti jarāmaraṇasaṅghātaṃ. ‘‘Jarāmaraṇasaṅghaṭṭa’’ntipi paṭhanti, jarāya maraṇena ca upaddutaṃ pīḷitanti attho. Akkhirogādīnaṃ anekesaṃ rogānaṃ nīḷaṃ kulāvakanti roganīḷaṃ. Sarasato upakkamato ca pabhaṅguparamasīlatāya pabhaṅguraṃ.

Catubbidho āhāro ca taṇhāsaṅkhātā netti ca pabhavo samuṭṭhānaṃ etassāti āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Sabbopi vā paccayo āhāro. Idha pana taṇhāya nettiggahaṇena gahitattā taṇhāvajjā veditabbā. Tasmā āhāro ca netti ca pabhavo etassāti āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Āhāro eva vā nayanaṭṭhena pavattanaṭṭhena nettīti evampi āhāranettippabhavaṃ. Nālaṃ tadabhinanditunti taṃ upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ evaṃ paccayādhīnavuttikaṃ, tato eva aniccaṃ, dukkhañca taṇhādiṭṭhīhi abhinandituṃ assādetuṃ na yuttaṃ.

Tassanissaraṇanti ‘‘jātaṃ bhūta’’ntiādinā vuttassa tassa sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ nikkamo anupasantasabhāvassa rāgādikilesassa sabbasaṅkhārassa ca abhāvena tadupasamabhāvena pasatthabhāvena ca santaṃ, takkañāṇassa agocarabhāvato atakkāvacaraṃ, niccaṭṭhena dhuvaṃ, tato eva ajātaṃ asamuppannaṃ, sokahetūnaṃ abhāvato asokaṃ, vigatarāgādirajattā virajaṃ, saṃsāradukkhaṭṭitehi paṭipajjitabbattā padaṃ, jātiādidukkhadhammānaṃ nirodhahetutāya nirodho dukkhadhammānaṃ, sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamahetutāya saṅkhārūpasamo, tato eva accantasukhatāya sukhoti sabbapadehi amatamahānibbānameva thometi. Evaṃ bhagavā paṭhamagāthāya byatirekavasena, dutiyagāthāya anvayavasena ca nibbānaṃ vibhāvesi.

Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.