The Related Suttas Collection 54.13

Chapter Two

With Ānanda (1st)

At Sāvatthī.

Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

“Sir, is there one thing that, when developed and cultivated, fulfills four things; and those four things, when developed and cultivated, fulfill seven things; and those seven things, when developed and cultivated, fulfill two things?”

“There is, Ānanda.”

“Sir, what is that one thing?”

“Samādhi due to mindfulness of breathing is one thing that, when developed and cultivated, fulfills the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. And the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, when developed and cultivated, fulfill the seven awakening factors. And the seven awakening factors, when developed and cultivated, fulfill knowledge and freedom.

And how is mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the four kinds of mindfulness meditation? It’s when a bhikkhu—gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut—sits down cross-legged, sets their body straight, and establishes mindfulness around the opening (of the nostrils). Just mindful, they breathe in. Mindful, they breathe out. Breathing in heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing in heavily.’ Breathing out heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing out heavily.’ … They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in watching, again and again, letting go.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out watching, again and again, letting go.’

There’s a time when a bhikkhu is breathing in heavily, and they know: ‘I’m breathing in heavily.’ Breathing out heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing out heavily.’ … They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in stilling the habitual functioning patterns of the body.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out stilling the habitual functioning patterns of the body.’ At such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Why is that? Because the breath is a certain aspect of the body, I say. Therefore, at such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

There’s a time when a bhikkhu practices like this: ‘I’ll breathe in feeling deeply the (mental) joy … (bodily) pleasure … mind …’ … They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in stilling the habitual functioning patterns of the mind.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out stilling the habitual functioning patterns of the mind.’ At such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Why is that? Because careful application of mind to the in-breaths and out-breaths is a certain aspect of feelings, I say. Therefore, at such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

There’s a time when a bhikkhu practices like this: ‘I’ll breathe in feeling deeply the mind.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out feeling deeply the mind.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in gladdening the mind … immersing the mind in samādhi … freeing the mind.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out freeing the mind.’ At such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Why is that? Because there is no development of samādhi due to mindfulness of breathing for someone who is unmindful and lacks awareness, I say. Therefore, at such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

There’s a time when a bhikkhu practices like this: ‘I’ll breathe in observing impermanence … fading away … cessation … letting go.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out watching, again and again, letting go.’ At such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Having seen with wisdom the giving up of covetousness and displeasure, they watch closely over with equanimity. Therefore, at such a time a bhikkhu is meditating by watching, again and again, an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

That’s how samādhi due to mindfulness of breathing is developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

And how are the four kinds of mindfulness meditation developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the seven awakening factors? Whenever a bhikkhu meditates by watching, again and again, an aspect of the body, their mindfulness is established and lucid. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of mindfulness; they develop it and perfect it.

As they live mindfully in this way they investigate, explore, and inquire into that principle with wisdom. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of investigation of principles; they develop it and perfect it.

As they investigate principles with wisdom in this way their energy is roused up and unflagging. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of energy; they develop it and perfect it.

When you’re energetic, (mental) joy not of the flesh arises. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of (mental) joy; they develop it and perfect it.

When the mind is full of joy, the body and mind become tranquil. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of tranquility; they develop it and perfect it.

When the body is tranquil and one feels (bodily) pleasure, the mind becomes immersed in samādhi. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of samādhi; they develop it and perfect it.

They closely watch over that mind immersed in samādhi. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of equanimity; they develop it and perfect it.

Whenever a bhikkhu meditates by watching, again and again, an aspect of feelings … mind … principles, their mindfulness is established and lucid. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of mindfulness; they develop it and perfect it. …

(Tell in full as for the first kind of mindfulness meditation.)

They closely watch over that mind immersed in samādhi. At such a time, a bhikkhu has activated the awakening factor of equanimity; they develop it and perfect it. That’s how the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the seven awakening factors.

And how are the seven awakening factors developed and cultivated so as to fulfill knowledge and freedom? It’s when a bhikkhu develops the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, (mental) joy, tranquility, samādhi, and equanimity, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go. That’s how the seven awakening factors are developed and cultivated so as to fulfill knowledge and freedom.”