15. Soḷasakanipāto

1. Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Soḷasakanipāte esa bhiyyotiādikā āyasmato aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ attano sāsane paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammarattaññūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa satthuno sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyataṃ disvā bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ byākāsi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā satthari parinibbute cetiye patiṭṭhāpiyamāne antocetiye ratanagharaṃ kāresi, cetiyaṃ parivāretvā sahassaratanagghiyāni ca kāresi.

So evaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cavitvā, devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahākālo nāma kuṭumbiko hutvā aṭṭhakarīsamatte khette sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā, gahitasālitaṇḍulehi asambhinnakhīrapāyāsaṃ sampādetvā, tattha madhusappisakkarādayo pakkhipitvā, buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa adāsi. Sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati, puthukakāle puthukaggaṃ nāma adāsi. Lāyane lāyanaggaṃ, veṇikaraṇe veṇaggaṃ, kalāpādikaraṇe kalāpaggaṃ, khalaggaṃ, bhaṇḍaggaṃ, minaggaṃ, koṭṭhagganti; evaṃ ekasasse nava vāre aggadānaṃ nāma adāsi. Tampi sassaṃ atirekataraṃ sampannaṃ ahosi.

Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto, amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Tassa koṇḍaññoti gottato āgataṃ nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā lakkhaṇamantesu ca pāraṃ agamāsi. Tena samayena amhākaṃ bodhisatto tusitapurato cavitvā kapilavatthupure suddhodanamahārājassa gehe nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase aṭṭhuttarasatesu brāhmaṇesu upanītesu ye aṭṭha brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggahaṇatthaṃ mahātalaṃ upanītā. So tesu sabbanavako hutvā, mahāpurisassa lakkhaṇanipphattiṃ disvā, ‘‘ekaṃsena ayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti niṭṭhaṃ gantvā mahāsattassa abhinikkhamanaṃ udikkhanto vicarati.

Bodhisattopi kho mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhamāno anukkamena vuddhippatto ñāṇaparipākaṃ gantvā ekūnatiṃsatime vasse mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamanto anomānadītīre pabbajitvā anukkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā padhānaṃ padahi. Tadā koṇḍañño māṇavo mahāsattassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā, lakkhaṇapariggāhakabrāhmaṇānaṃ puttehi vappamāṇavādīhi saddhiṃ attapañcamo pabbajitvā, anukkamena bodhisattassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, chabbassāni taṃ upaṭṭhahanto tassa oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbinno apakkamitvā isipatanaṃ agamāsi. Atha kho bodhisatto oḷārikāhāraparibhogena laddhakāyabalo vesākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ bodhirukkhamūle aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā, abhisambuddho hutvā, sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍeyeva vītināmetvā, pañcavaggiyānaṃ ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā, āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāyaṃ isipatanaṃ gantvā, tesaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 13 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne koṇḍaññatthero aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Atha pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa anattalakkhaṇasuttantadesanāya (mahāva. 20; saṃ. ni. 3.59) arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.596-612) –

‘‘Padumuttarasambuddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ vināyakaṃ;

Buddhabhūmimanuppattaṃ, paṭhamaṃ addasaṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā bodhiyā mūle, yakkhā sabbe samāgatā;

Sambuddhaṃ parivāretvā, vandanti pañjalīkatā.

‘‘Sabbe devā tuṭṭhamanā, ākāse sañcaranti te;

Buddho ayaṃ anuppatto, andhakāratamonudo.

‘‘Tesaṃ hāsaparetānaṃ, mahānādo avattatha;

Kilese jhāpayissāma, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Devānaṃ giramaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrihaṃ;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, ādibhikkhamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke anuttaro;

Devasaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ abhinikkhamma, bodhiṃ ajjhagamaṃ ahaṃ;

Idaṃ me paṭhamaṃ bhattaṃ, brahmacārissa yāpanaṃ.

‘‘Tusitā hi idhāgantvā, yo me bhikkhaṃ upānayi;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇotha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Sabbe deve abhibhotvā, tidivaṃ āvasissati.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Sahassadhā cakkavattī, tattha rajjaṃ karissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tidasā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Agārā pabbajitvāna, chabbassāni vasissati.

‘‘Tato sattamake vasse, buddho saccaṃ kathessati;

Koṇḍañño nāma nāmena, paṭhamaṃ sacchikāhiti.

‘‘Nikkhantenānupabbajiṃ, padhānaṃ sukataṃ mayā;

Kilese jhāpanatthāya, pabbajiṃ, anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Abhigantvāna sabbaññū, buddho loke sadevake;

Isināme migāraññe, amatabherimāhani.

‘‘So dāni patto amataṃ, santipadamanuttaraṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha naṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavanamahāvihāre bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammabhāvaṃ dīpento, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ aññāsikoṇḍañño’’ti (a. ni. 1.188) etadagge ṭhapesi. So dvīhi aggasāvakehi attani karīyamānaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ gāmantasenāsane ākiṇṇavihārañca pariharitukāmo, vivekābhiratiyā viharitukāmo ca attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇampi papañcaṃ maññamāno satthāraṃ āpucchitvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā chaddantehi nāgehi upaṭṭhiyamāno chaddantadahatīre dvādasa vassāni vasi. Evaṃ tattha vasantaṃ theraṃ ekadivasaṃ sakko devarājā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ṭhito evamāha – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo dhammaṃ desetū’’ti. Thero tassa catusaccagabbhaṃ tilakkhaṇāhataṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ nānānayavicittaṃ amatogadhaṃ buddhalīlāya dhammaṃ desesi. Taṃ sutvā sakko attano pasādaṃ pavedento –

673.

‘‘Esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasaṃ;

Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbaso’’ti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;

Tattha esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasanti yadipi anekavāraṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā tattha abhippasanno. Idāni pana tumhehi kathitaṃ nānānayavicittatāya asecanakatāya ca mahārasaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā eso ahaṃ tato bhiyyo pasīdāmi. Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbasoti sabbasaṃkilesato sabbasaṅkhārato ca virajjanato virāgajananato virāgo. Tato eva rūpādīsu kañci dhammaṃ anupādāya aggahetvā vimuttisādhanavasena pavattattā sabbaso anupādāya desito.

Evaṃ sakko devarājā therassa desanaṃ thometvā theraṃ abhivādetvā sakaṭṭhānameva gato. Athekadivasaṃ thero micchāvitakkehi abhibhuyyamānānaṃ ekaccānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ cittācāraṃ disvā tappaṭipakkhabhūtañcassa anukkamaṃ anussaritvā, attano ca sabbaso tato vinivattitamānasataṃ āvajjetvā tadatthaṃ dīpetvā –

674.

‘‘Bahūni loke citrāni, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;

Mathenti maññe saṅkappaṃ, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.

675.

‘‘Rajamuhatañca vātena, yathā meghopasammaye;

Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatī’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha bahūni loke citrānīti rūpādivasena tatthāpi nīlapītādivasena itthipurisādivasena ca anekāni loke cittavicittāni ārammaṇajātāni. Asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍaleti paccakkhabhūtaṃ manussalokaṃ sandhāya vadati. Mathenti maññe saṅkappanti tajjaṃ purisavāyāmasahitaṃ araṇisahitaṃ viya aggiṃ ayonisomanasikārābhisaṅkhātāni micchāsaṅkappāni mathenti maññe mathentāni viya tiṭṭhanti. Kīdisaṃ? Subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ, kāmavitakkanti attho. So hi subhākāraggahaṇena ‘‘subho’’ti voharīyati.

Rajamuhatañcavātenāti ca-iti nipātamattaṃ. Yathā gimhānaṃ pacchime māse vātena ūhataṃ uṭṭhitaṃ rajaṃ mahāmegho vassanto upasammaye, vūpasameyya. Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatīti yadā ariyasāvako tāni lokacitrāni samudayato, assādato, ādīnavato, nissaraṇato ca yathābhūtaṃ paññāya passati, atha yathā taṃ rajaṃ uhataṃ meghena, evaṃ sammanti paññāya sabbepi micchāsaṅkappā. Na hi uppannāya sammādiṭṭhiyā micchāsaṅkappā patiṭṭhaṃ labhanti. Yathā pana paññāya passati, taṃ dassento –

676.

‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati;

Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā.

677.

‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti…pe… esa maggo visuddhiyā.

678.

‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattāti, yadā paññāya passati;

Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. –

Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha sabbe saṅkhārāti chaḷārammaṇasaṅgahā sabbe tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā. Aniccāti ‘‘ādimajjhaantavantato, aniccantikato, tāvakālikato, tattha tattha bhijjanato na niccā’’ti yadā vipassanāpaññāya passati. Atha nibbindati dukkheti atha imasmiṃ vaṭṭadukkhe nibbindati, nibbindanto dukkhaparijānanādividhinā saccāni paṭivijjhati. Esa maggo visuddhiyāti esa yathāvutto vipassanāvidhi ñāṇadassanavisuddhiyā, accantavisuddhiyā ca maggo adhigamupāyo.

Dukkhāti sappaṭibhayato, udayabbayasampaṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, sukhapaṭikkhepato ca dukkhā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Sabbe dhammā anattāti sabbepi catubhūmakā dhammā anattā. Idha pana tebhūmakadhammāva gahetabbā. Te hi asārato, avasavattanato, suññato, attapaṭikkhepato ca anattāti vipassitabbā. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva.

Evaṃ vipassanāvidhiṃ dassetvā tena vidhinā katakiccaṃ attānaṃ aññaṃ viya katvā dassento –

679.

‘‘Buddhānubuddho yo thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo;

Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī.

680.

‘‘Oghapāso daḷhakhilo, pabbato duppadālayo;

Chetvā khilañca pāsañca, selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidaṃ;

Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, mutto so mārabandhanā’’ti. –

Gāthādvayamāha.

Tattha buddhānubuddhoti buddhānaṃ anubuddho, sammāsambuddhehi bujjhitāni saccāni tesaṃ desanānusārena bujjhatīti attho. Thirehi asekkhehi sīlasārādīhi samannāgatoti, thero. Koṇḍaññoti gottakittanaṃ. Tibbanikkamoti daḷhavīriyo, thiraparakkamo. Jātimaraṇānaṃ pahīnakāraṇattā pahīnajātimaraṇo. Brahmacariyassa kevalīti maggabrahmacariyassa anavasesaṃ, anavasesato vā maggabrahmacariyassa pāripūrako, atha vā kevalī nāma kilesehi asammissatāya maggañāṇaṃ phalañāṇañca, taṃ imasmiṃ atthīti kevalī. Yasmā pana tadubhayampi maggabrahmacariyassa vasena hoti na aññathā, tasmā ‘‘brahmacariyassa kevalī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Oghapāsoti ‘‘kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho’’ti (dha. sa. 1156; vibha. 938) evaṃ vuttā cattāro oghā – ‘‘antalikkhacaro pāso, yvāyaṃ carati mānaso’’ti (mahāva. 33; saṃ. ni. 1.151) evaṃ vutto rāgapāso ca. Daḷhakhiloti ‘‘satthari kaṅkhati, dhamme kaṅkhati, saṅghe kaṅkhati, sikkhāya kaṅkhati, sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto’’ti (ma. ni. 1.185; a. ni. 5.205) evaṃ vutto daḷho thiro pañcavidho cetokhilo ca. Pacurajanehi padāletuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya duppadālayo. Tato eva pabbatasadisatāya pabbatoti ca saṅkhaṃ gato. ‘‘Dukkhe aññāṇa’’ntiādinā (vibha. 226; saṃ. ni. 2.2) vā nayena vutto aññāṇappabhedo ca. Iti etaṃ sabbaṃ chetvā khilañca pāsañcāti etesu catubbidhesu saṃkilesadhammesu yo khilañca pāsañca ariyamaggañāṇāsinā chinditvā. Selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidanti yena kenaci ñāṇena chindituṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ aññāṇaselaṃ vajirūpamañāṇena chinditvā, cattāropi oghe taritvā, tesaṃ paratīre nibbāne ṭhitattā tiṇṇo pāraṅgato. Ārammaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇenāti duvidhenapi jhāyī; mutto so mārabandhanāti so evarūpo khīṇāsavo sabbasmāpi kilesamārabandhanā mutto vippamutto visaṃyuttoti. Attānameva sandhāya thero vadati.

Athekadivasaṃ thero, attano saddhivihārikaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ akalyāṇamittasaṃsaggena kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ uddhataṃ unnaḷaṃ viharantaṃ disvā, iddhiyā tattha gantvā, taṃ ‘‘mā, āvuso, evaṃ kari, akalyāṇamitte pahāya kalyāṇamitte sevanto samaṇadhammaṃ karohī’’ti ovadi. So therassa vacanaṃ nādiyi. Thero tassa anādiyanena dhammasaṃvegappatto puggalādhiṭṭhānāya kathāya micchāpaṭipattiṃ garahanto sammāpaṭipattiṃ vivekavāsañca pasaṃsanto –

681.

‘‘Uddhato capalo bhikkhu, mitte āgamma pāpake;

Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjito.

682.

‘‘Anuddhato acapalo, nipako saṃvutindriyo;

Kalyāṇamitto medhāvī, dukkhassantakaro siyā.

683.

‘‘Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāso, kiso dhamanisanthato;

Mattaññū annapānasmiṃ, adīnamanaso naro.

684.

‘‘Phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi makasehi, araññasmiṃ brahāvane;

Nāgo saṅgāmasīseva, sato tatrādhivāsaye.

685-6.

‘‘Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ…pe… sampajāno patissato.

687.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā…pe… bhavanetti samūhatā.

688.

‘‘Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

So me attho anuppatto, kiṃ me saddhivihārinā’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha uddhatoti uddhaccayutto asamāhito vikkhittacitto. Capaloti pattacīvaramaṇḍanādinā cāpalyena samannāgato lolapakatiko. Mitte āgamma pāpaketi akalyāṇamitte nissāya samaṇadhammaṃ akaronto. Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjitoti yathā mahāsamudde patitapuriso samuddavīcīhi otthaṭo sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati, evaṃ saṃsāramahoghasmiṃ paribbhamanto kodhupāyāsaūmiyā paṭikujjito otthaṭo vipassanāvasena paññāsīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati.

Nipakoti nipuṇo, attatthaparatthesu kusalo. Saṃvutindriyoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ saṃvaraṇena pihitindriyo. Kalyāṇamittoti kalyāṇehi mittehi samannāgato. Medhāvīti dhammojapaññāya samaṅgībhūto. Dukkhassantakaro siyāti so tādiso sakalassāpi vaṭṭadukkhassa antakaro bhaveyya.

Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāsotiādi vivekābhiratikittanaṃ. Nābhinandāmītiādi pana katakiccabhāvadassanaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.607) vuttatthameva. Osāne pana kiṃ me saddhivihārināti attano saddhivihārikaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tasmā edisena dubbacena anādarena saddhivihārinā kiṃ me payojanaṃ ekavihāroyeva mayhaṃ ruccatīti attho.

Evaṃ pana vatvā chaddantadahameva gato. Tattha dvādasa vassāni vasitvā upakaṭṭhe parinibbāne satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā parinibbānaṃ anujānāpetvā tattheva gantvā parinibbāyi.

Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.