Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Mahāvaggavaṇṇanā

1. Mahākhandhakavaṇṇanā

Bodhikathāvaṇṇanā

Yaṃ khandhake līnapadādibheda-pakāsanaṃ dāni supattakālaṃ;

Tasmā apubbaṃ vinayatthameva, vakkhāmi saṅkhepagahaṇatthaṃ.

Tattha kenaṭṭhenāyaṃ khandhakoti? Khandhānaṃ samūhattā vibhaṅgo viya. Te pana kathanti? Khandhānaṃ pakāsanato dīpanato. Khandhāti cettha pabbajjādivinayakammasaṅkhātā, cārittavārittasikkhāpadasaṅkhātā ca paññattiyo adhippetā. Pabbajjādīni hi bhagavatā paññattattā ‘‘paññattiyo’’ti vuccanti. Paññattiyañca khandha-saddo dissati ‘‘dārukkhandho aggikkhandho udakakkhandho’’tiādīsu viya. Tesaṃ paññattisaṅkhātānaṃ khandhānaṃ pakāsanato vaṇṇanato pabbajjakkhandhakādayo vīsati ‘‘khandhakā’’ti vuttā, avasāne dve taṃsadisattā velāya sadisattā sīlassa velāti vacanaṃ viya. Apica bhāgarāsatthatāpettha yujjate tesaṃ paññattīnaṃ bhāgato ca rāsito ca vibhattattā. Kiṃ panetesaṃ khandhakānaṃ anupubbakāraṇanti? Nāyaṃ pucchā sambhavati, aññathā vuttesupi tappasaṅgānatikkamanato. Atha vā pabbajjupasampadāpubbaṅgamattā sāsanappavesanassa tadatthasaṅgahako mahākhandhako paṭhamaṃ vutto. Kenāti ce? Dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi. Bhagavatā pana tattha tattha uppannavatthuṃ paṭicca tathā tathā vuttāni, na iminā anukkamena. Therā pana taṃ taṃ payojanaṃ paṭicca samānajātike ekajjhaṃ katvā anukkamena sajjhāyiṃsu. Sesānaṃ payojanaṃ tattha tattheva āvi bhavissati.

Khandhakovidāti paññattibhāgarāsaṭṭhena nesaṃ khandhatthakovidā, niruttipaṭisambhidāpārappattāti attho. Tesaṃ anuttānatthānaṃ padānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā. Kasmā panevaṃ visesitanti? Tato sesabhāgā yuttā. Mātikāṭṭhuppattiggahaṇampettha padabhājaniyaggahaṇeneva veditabbaṃ. Yehi atthā yesaṃ padavisesānaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pakāsitā, tesaṃ te padavisese puna idha vadeyyāma, vaṇṇanāya pariyosānaṃ kadā bhave te te attheti vuttaṃ, taṃ tassa niddesena yujjati. Uttānā ceva yā pāḷi, tassā saṃvaṇṇanāya kinti vattabbaṃ? Na hi atthā uttānāti sambhavati. Adhippāyānusandhīhītiādivacanehipi taṃ vacanaṃ sambhavatīti ce? Na, atthaggahaṇena cettha padavisesānaṃ gahitattā. Te hi atthato anapetatthena, abhidhānatthena vā atthopacārena vā atthāti veditabbā. Saṃvaṇṇanānayoti saṃvaṇṇanā nāma avuttesu uhāpohakkamanidassanato ‘‘nayo’’ti vutto.

1.Uruvelāti yathāvuttavālikarāsivasena laddhanāmako gāmo, tasmā samīpatthe etaṃ bhummaṃ. Tathābhāvadassanatthaṃ ‘‘najjā nerañjarāya tīre’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Aññathā tasmiṃ vālikarāsimhi viharatīti āpajjati, ‘‘uruvelaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisīti yena uruvelasenānigamo’’tiādivacanavirodho ca. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana mūlakāraṇameva dassitaṃ. Tattha taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ…pe… daṭṭhabboti nigamanavacanaṃ. Taṃ kimatthanti ce? Gāmaṃ sandhāya yathāvuttapadatthasambhavadassanatthaṃ. ‘‘So pana gāmo tadupacārena evaṃ nāmaṃ labhatī’’ti vacanaṃ pana avuttasiddhanti katvā na vuttanti veditabbaṃ, atha vā yassa ‘‘uruvelā’’ti yathāvuttavālikarāsissa, tassa samīpagāmassapi nāmaṃ. Tattha āyasmā upālitthero na idha gāmaṃ sandhāya ‘‘uruvelāyaṃ viharatī’’ti āha gocaragāmapayojanābhāvato. Na hi bhagavā taṃ gāmaṃ gocaraṃ katvā tadā tattha vihāsi, tasmā ettha vālikarāsissa samīpe bodhirukkhamūle vihāraṃ sandhāya so evamāhāti dassetukāmo aṭṭhakathācariyo evamāhāti veditabbaṃ, tasmā bhagavato gāmato dūratare araññe abhisambodhidīpanena dutiyuppattiṭṭhānaniyamaṃ tīhi padehi akāsi theroti veditabbaṃ, aññathā padattayavacanapayojanābhāvato. Tattha nadantā gacchatīti nadī. Nelañjalāyāti vattabbe la-kārassa ra-kāraṃ katvā ‘‘nerañjarāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, kaddamasevālavirahitattā niddosajalāyāti attho, nīlajalāyāti tassā nāmameva vā etaṃ.

Bodhirukkhamūleti ettha ca bodhi vuccati abhisambodho. So ca atthato bhagavato catutthamaggañāṇaṃ hoti ‘‘vimokkhantikametaṃ nāma’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.162) paṭisambhidāvacanato. Kiñcāpi taṃ nāmakaraṇabhūtaṃ catutthaphalañāṇampi vattuṃ sambhavati, kattabbakiccānaṃ pana karaṇato taṃ catutthamaggañāṇameva ettha bodhīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘tatiyavijjāya āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyā’’ti tadeva dassitaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘bojjhaṅgā’’ti, ‘‘bodhipakkhiyā dhammā’’ti ca. Tattha yasmā catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati, tasmā sāmaññato vattukāmatādhippāyavasena ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) vuttaṃ idhādhippetañāṇassapi tadantogadhattā. Atha vā pāḷiyaṃ bhagavato ādimaggattayavacanassa vuttaṭṭhānābhāvā catutthamaggañāṇameva bhagavato uppannaṃ, na bhagavā sotāpannādibhāvaṃ patvā buddho jātoti samayantarappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘catūsū’’ti vuttaṃ ādittayassa catutthaupanissayasambhavena bodhipariyāyasiddhito. ‘‘Puggalopi senāsanampi upanissayapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.9 paccayaniddesa) vacanato phalahetuko phalajanako rukkho phalarukkhoti viya bodhiheturukkho bodhirukkhoti veditabbo. Ettha ‘‘yasmā kevalaṃ bodhīti rukkhassapi nāmaṃ, tasmā bodhī’’ti parato vuttaṃ. Nigrodhādirukkhato assa visesanavacanaṃ pana tadaññabodhimūlappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ. Maggañāṇañhi kusalamūlattā bodhi ca taṃ mūlañcāti saṅkhyaṃ labheyya. Paṭhamābhisambuddho nisīdatīti sambandho. Tena abhisambuddhadivasena saddhiṃ aṭṭhāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinnabhāvaṃ dasseti. Ettha eka-saddo tassa nisajjāsaṅkhātassa pabbajjānuyogānurūpassa pallaṅkassa aññena iriyāpathena anantariyabhāvaṃ athassa akopitabhāvaṃ dasseti. Vimuttisukhanti ettha vimuttiyaṃ vā sukhanti na sambhavati. Pañcamajjhānikattā bhagavato phalasamāpattisaṅkhātā vimutti eva anujaṅghanaṭṭhena nibbānasukhanti vimuttisukhaṃ, taṃ samāpajjanena paṭisaṃvedī anubhavanto nisīdi. Veneyyakālānatikkamanato taṃ apekkhamāno nisīdi, na vimuttisukhasaṅgena.

Atha khoti adhikārantarārambhe nipātadvayaṃ. Tena vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedayamāno na paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasākāsi, kintu tato vuṭṭhāyāti dasseti . Paṭivedhavaseneva sumanasikatassa paṭiccasamuppādassa punappunaṃ manasikaraṇaṃ gambhīrattā assādajananato, na apubbanayadassanādhippāyato. Paccakkhabhūtasabbadhammattā bhagavato asammohato, paṭividdhassa visayato vā manasikaraṇaṃ pana vijitadesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ viya rañño apubbaṃ pītiṃ janeti. Vuttañhi ‘‘amānusī ratī hoti, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato’’ti (dha. pa. 373). Rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmanti accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ, tena tassa vikappanānattataṃ dasseti. Kiñcāpi ‘‘anulomapaṭilomaṃ manasākāsī’’ti ekatova vuttaṃ, tathāpi iminā anukkamenāti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘avijjāpaccayā’’tiādi. Tattha ca kiñcāpi pavattimattapaccavekkhaṇā adhippetā kathaṃ paññāyatīti? Paṭhamabhāvāya, paṭilomamanasikaraṇaṃ pana anulome paccayānaṃ, paccayuppannānañca tathābhāvasādhanatthaṃ. Yasmā avijjāya eva nirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, na aññathā, tasmā saṅkhārānaṃ avijjā paccayo, tassā ca saṅkhārā phalanti dīpanato. Tathā nibbānapaccavekkhaṇāya anulomamanasikaraṇaṃ kāraṇanirodhā phalanirodhasādhanatthaṃ. Ettha ca anubhāvato nibbānaṃ dassitaṃ. Na hi taṃ avijjādinirodhamattanti. Tattha ‘‘yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedī’’ti vacanena anulomo nādhippetoti siddhaṃ. Maggapaccavekkhaṇāya vattabbaṃ natthi, ubhayatthapi kiccato, ārammaṇato ca tassa maggassa visayato ca tattha maggo dassito.

Tatthāha – ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādaṃ paṭilomaṃ manasākāsī’’ti na yujjati, na hi paṭilomāpadesena niddiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ paṭiccasamuppādo bhavitumarahatīti? Vuccate – na, tadatthajānanato. Anulomapaṭilomanti hi bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ. Anulomato, paṭilomato ca taṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasākāsīti hi tattha attho. Aññathā nirodhassa paṭilomappasaṅgāpattiyevāpajjati. Paṭilome ca panetasmiṃ anukkamaniyamo anulome anukkamaniyamato siddhoti veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ sati paṭiccasamuppādassa paṭilomo nāma apaṭiccasamuppādoti siddhaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘nirodho hotīti anuppādo hotī’’tiādi. Evaṃ sante pubbāparavirodho hoti. Kathaṃ? Paṭiccāti hi iminā phalassa paccayapariggahena, paccayānañca paccayāyattupagamanena tassa uppādābhimukhabhāvadīpanato asamuppādo na sambhavati, tasmā apaṭiccasamuppādoti evaṃ ubhayapaṭikkhepena panassa paṭilomatā veditabbāti eke. Taṃ ayuttaṃ tassa anulomabhāvaniyamanato, atthātisayābhāvato, tasmā appaṭiccasamuppādo tassa paṭilomoti veditabbaṃ. Teneva bhagavatā pāḷiyaṃ paccayapaccayuppannanirodho vutto. Tattha hi ‘‘avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā’’ti evaṃ paccayassa samucchinnapaccayabhāvavasena paccayanirodhaṃ, phalassa paccayapaṭiggahābhāvavasena paccayuppannanirodhañca dīpeti. Duvidho pāḷiyaṃ nirodho atthato anuppādo nāma hotīti katvā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘nirodho hotīti anuppādo hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sante nibbānaṃ paccayapaccayuppannānaṃ nirodhamattanti āpajjatīti ce? Na, tassānubhāvadīpanādhippāyato. Viditavelāyanti manasikatavelāyanti attho, aññathā tato pubbe aviditappasaṅgato.

Jhāyatoti ettha kāmaṃ lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāyato bodhipakkhiyadhammā pātubhavanti, catuariyasaccadhammā vā pakāsanti, tathāpi pubbabhāge samathādiyānikavibhāgadassanatthaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānaggahaṇaṃ. Catusaccadhammaggahaṇaṃ kāmaṃ anulomapaṭiccasamuppādadassanādhikārena virujjhati, tathāpi ‘‘yo dukkhaṃ parijānāti, so samudayaṃ pajahatī’’ti laddhivasena katanti veditabbaṃ.

2.‘‘Paccayakkhayassā’’ti kiccapariyāyavasena vuttaṃ. Tena paccayanibbānaṃ, tadupanissayanibbānañcāti duvidhaṃ nibbānaṃ dassitaṃ hotīti. Kāmañca taṃ na kevalaṃ paccayakkhayamattaṃ karoti, atha kho paccayuppannakkhayampi karoti. Yato ubhinnampi nirodho dassito, tathāpi hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti katvā ‘‘paccayakkhayassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Vuttappakārā dhammāti ettha catusaccaggahaṇaṃ paṭhamagāthāyaṃ vuttanayavipallāsena katanti veditabbaṃ.

3.Samudayanirodhasaṅkhāto atthoti ettha samudayo kiccavasena, nirodho ārammaṇakiriyāya. Etena dvippakārā nirodhā dassitā honti tassa anubhāvassa vasenāti attho. Yasmā pallaṅkābhujitaṭṭhānañca ‘‘pallaṅko’’ti vuccati, tasmā phalādhigamaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘pallaṅka’’nti vuttaṃ.