Zanthoxylum
Zanthoxylum (from the Greek ξανθὸν ξύλον, "yellow wood") is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. Common names include prickly-ash and hercules' club.
The fruit of several species are used to make the spice Sichuan Pepper. They are also used as bonsai trees.
Selected species
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides - Japanese prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum alatum - Winged prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R.Simpson
Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. - Toothache tree, Northern prickly-ash (Eastern and Central United States)
Zanthoxylum atchoum (Aké Assi) Waterman
Zanthoxylum beecheyanum
Zanthoxylum belizense Lundell
Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum - Maricao prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum - An Australian rainforest tree
Zanthoxylum buesgenii
Zanthoxylum capense
Zanthoxylum caribaeum - Yellow prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum chevalieriWaterman
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. - Hercules' Club, Southern prickly-ash (southeastern United States)
Zanthoxylum coco Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. - Coco, Smelly sauco
Zanthoxylum coreanum - Korean lime tree
Zanthoxylum coriaceum - Biscayne prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum davyi
Zanthoxylum delagoense Waterman
Zanthoxylum deremense (Engl.) Kokwaro
Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann - Kāwaʻu (Hawaiʻi)
Zanthoxylum fagara Gard. & Forest - Lime prickly-ash (Neotropics)
Zanthoxylum ferrugineum J.D.Smith
Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl. - West Indian satinwood (Caribbean)
Zanthoxylum gentlei Lundell
Zanthoxylum harrisii P.Wilson ex Britton
Zanthoxylum hartii (Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson
Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Hillebr. - Aʻe, Hawaiʻi prickly-ash (Hawaiʻi)
Zanthoxylum heterophyllum (Lam.) Smith
Zanthoxylum hiemale
Zanthoxylum hirsutum Buckley - Texas Hercules' club
Zanthoxylum holtzianum (Engl.) Waterm.
Zanthoxylum humile
Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum (Merr.) Merr.
Zanthoxylum kauaense A.Gray - Aʻe, Kauaʻi prickly-ash (Hawaiʻi)
Zanthoxylum leprieurii
Zanthoxylum limonella - Makaen
Zanthoxylum lindense (Engl.) Kokwaro
Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC. - White prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum monophyllum - Yellow prickle
Zanthoxylum nadeaudii Drake
Zanthoxylum negrilense Fawc. & Rendle
Zanthoxylum nitidum - Shining prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum oahuense Hillebr. - Aʻe, Oʻahu prickly-ash (Island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi)
Zanthoxylum ocumarense
Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum
Zanthoxylum naranjillo - Naranjillo
Zanthoxylum panamense P.Wilson
Zanthoxylum parvum Shinners - Tickletongue
Zanthoxylum pinnatum
Zanthoxylum piperitum - Japanese pepper tree, Japan pepper, Sanshō
Zanthoxylum planispinum - Bamboo-leaf prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum procerum Donn.Sm.
Zanthoxylum psammophilum (Aké Assi) Waterman
Zanthoxylum punctatum - Dotted prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum rhetsa - Teppal
Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
Zanthoxylum schinifolium - Mastic-leaved prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance - Chinese prickly-ash, Sichuan pepper
Zanthoxylum spinifex (Jacq.) DC. - Niaragato
Zanthoxylum thomasianum (Krug & Urb) P.Wilson - St. Thomas prickly-ash (Puerto Rico, British Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands)
Zanthoxylum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Engrailed.
Culinary use
A spice called teppal or tirphal (Zanthoxylum rhetsa) is used in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Goa, by a very small community called Konkanis (they speak a language called Konkani), an official language of Goa and spoken in many parts of these three states. Teppal is a fruit which grows in bunches like grapes on trees full of thorns. The fresh fruits are parrot green in color and are used as a flavouring agent in many curries made with a paste of coconut, chilis, and other spices. The fruit is seasonal and available during the monsoon period. When dried, the flesh of the fruit hardens, turns a brownish black color and opens up to show the black seeds within. The seeds are discarded and the dried fruit is stored in containers for use around the year. Mostly used in fish preparations and a few vegetarian dishes, with the coconut masala, this spice has a very strong woody aroma and is discarded at the time of eating the curry. This tree is also called jummn kayee or gamathe haralu in Kannada and koili kaya in Malayalam.
Translation
The word "Zanthoxylum" occurs as such in the following languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese.
Translation(s) in other languages: Czech: Žlutodřev, Korean: 산초나무속, Tongan: Ake, Vietnamese: Chi Xuyên tiêu.
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