Sand Cat
The sand cat (Felis margarita), also referred to as the "sand dune cat", is a small wild cat distributed over African and Asian deserts. The name "desert cat" is reserved for Felis silvestris lybica, the African wildcat, but it could be appropriate for this species. It lives in those arid areas that are too hot and dry even for the desert cat: the Sahara, the Arabian Desert, and the deserts of Iran and Pakistan. It lives for about 13 years in captivity.
The length averages almost 50 cm (20 in), plus a 30 cm (12 in) tail. The average weight of a sand cat is 2.7 kg (6 lbs). Their heads are conspicuously broad, and their ears are large, pointed, and widely spaced to the point they can be flattened horizontally or even pointing down (this aids in hunting). The colour of the fur is a pale sandy yellow, with pallid bars, which are sometimes hardly visible. Generally the bars are more visible in the African subspecies. The mucosa of their eyelids is a striking black. Their paws are covered with long hairs that allow it to tolerate and easily maneuver the hot sand of its environment. The sand cat can survive in temperatures ranging from -5 °C (23 °F) to 52 °C (126 °F).
They live solitarily (until mating season; see below), digging burrows to escape the desert heat, and come out after dusk to hunt rodents, lizards, birds and insects, although their diet may consist mostly of rodents. They "skulk" close to the ground and will use any available cover to protect themselves. Using their large ears they listen for prey, digging rapidly when they hear it underground. Since the sand cat obtains all the water it needs from eating its prey, it mostly stays far away from watering points where other predators may harm it. Sand cats congregate only for mating so numbering them is a difficult task. It seems however that their numbers have been declining in the Arabian desert following a rarefaction of their prey. In 2007, the first four kittens born in captivity are being raised at the Al Ain Zoo in the United Arab Emirates as an effort to preserve the local fauna.
Threats to the sand cat include humans, wolves, snakes, and raptors. Although solitary animals, sand cats don't have their own territories as do tigers or bobcats, and may even "take turns" over burrows with others.
There are six subspecies:
Felis margarita margarita, Sahara
Felis margarita airensis
Felis margarita harrisoni, Arabia
Felis margarita meinertzhageni
Felis margarita thinobia, Iran
Felis margarita scheffeli, (Pakistan sand cat) Pakistan
F. m. thinobia is sometimes regarded as a separate species; F. m. scheffeli is listed by CITES as endangered, although IUCN only lists it as 'near threatened' as of 2001.
Translation
The phrase "Sand Cat" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Simple English.
Translation(s) in other languages: Arabic: قط الرمال, Breton: Kazh-traezh, Bulgarian: Пясъчна котка, Czech: Kočka pouštní, Danish: Sandkat, German: Sandkatze, Spanish: Felis margarita, Persian: گربه شنی, French: Chat des sables, Italian: Felis margarita, Hebrew: חתול חולות, Kazakh: Шағыл мысығы, Latin: Felis margarita, Lithuanian: Margarita, Hungarian: Homoki macska, Marathi: वाळवंटी मांजर, Dutch: Woestijnkat, Japanese: スナネコ, Norwegian (Bokmål): Sandkatt, Polish: Kot arabski, Portuguese: Gato-do-deserto, Romanian: Pisică de nisip, Russian: Барханная кошка, Slovak: Mačka púšťová, Slovenian: Saharska mačka, Finnish: Hietakissa, Swedish: Sandkatt, Turkish: Benekli kedi, Ukrainian: Барханний кіт, Chinese: 沙漠猫.
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