Rauvolfia

Rauvolfia (also spelled Rauwolfia) is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs in the milkweed family, Apocynaceae. The approximately 85 species in the genus can mainly be found in tropical regions. Rauvolfia caffra is the South African quinine tree.

Chemical constituents

Rauvolfia serpentina, or Indian Snakeroot or Sarpagandha, contains a number of bioactive chemicals, including ajmaline, deserpidine, rescinnamine, serpentinine, and yohimbine.

Medicinal uses

Reserpine is an alkaloid first isolated from R. serpentina which was widely used as an antihypertensive drug. It had drastic psychological side effects and has been now replaced by as a first-line antihypertensive drug by other compounds that lack such adverse effects, although combination drugs that include it are still available in some countries as second-line antihypertensive drugs.

Other plants of this genus are also used medicinally, both in conventional western medicine and in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine. Alkaloids in the plants reduce blood pressure, depress activity of central nervous system and act as hypnotics.

Threat Status

The natural reserves of this plant are declining as a result of over-harvesting. IUCN has kept this plant under endangered status, and it is listed in CITES Appendix II.

Precautions

Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or plan pregnancy in the near future should not ingest Rauwolfia plants or preparations made from them. They may also be harmful for people with any chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, such as stomach or duodenal ulcers, esophageal reflux (reflux esophagitis), ulcerative colitis, spastic colitis, and diverticulosis. No "safe" dosage has been established.

Selected species

Rauvolfia caffra
Rauvolfia canescens
Rauvolfia micrantha
Rauvolfia sachetiae Fosberg (French Polynesia)
Rauvolfia sandwicensis A.DC. - Hao (Hawaiʻi)
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz - Snakeroot
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Rauvolfia vomitoria

Translation

The word "Rauvolfia" occurs as such in the following languages: English, French.

Translation(s) in other languages: Bengali: সর্পগন্ধা, German: Schlangenwurz (Gattung), Spanish: Rauwolfia, Italian: Rauwolfia, Portuguese: Rauwolfia, Russian: Раувольфия, Swedish: Rauvolfiasläktet, Vietnamese: Chi Ba gạc.