Quattrocento

The cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (from the Italian for '400, or from "millequattrocento," 1400). Quattrocento encompasses the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages (most notably International Gothic) and the early Renaissance.

Historical context

After the decline of the Western Roman Empire in 476, economic disorder and disruption of trade spread across Europe. This was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages, which lasted roughly until the 11th century, when trade picked up, population began to expand and the papacy regained its authority.

In the late Middle Ages, the political structure of the European continent slowly evolved from small, highly unstable fiefdoms into larger nation-states ruled by monarchies, thereby providing greater stability. In Italy, urban centers arose that were populated by merchant and trade classes, who were able to defend themselves. Money replaced land as the medium of exchange, and increasing numbers of serfs became freedmen. The changes in Medieval Italy and the decline of feudalism paved the way for social, cultural, and economic changes. The Quattrocento is viewed as the transition from the Medieval period to the age of the Renaissance.

Quattrocento lay at the forefront of what was to become the Italian Renaissance. Its international manifesto resembles a happening of cultural and artistic events during the 15th century which embraced the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance: a forefront collection of high-end individualism in the arts to promote the presence of a scientific, cultural, social and economic revolution in hope of preserving the Monarchy through Christianity.

Development of Quattrocento styles

Quattrocento art shed the decorative mosaics typically associated with Byzantine art along with the Christian and Gothic media of and styles in stained glass, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts and sculpture. Instead, Quattrocento artists and sculptors incorporated the more classic forms developed by Roman and Greek sculptors.

List of Italian Quattrocento artists

Since the Quattrocento overlaps with part of the Renaissance movement, it would be inaccurate to say that a particular artist was Quattrocento or Renaissance. Artists of the time probably would not have identified themselves as members of a movement.

Andrea del Castagno
Andrea del Verrocchio
Andrea della Robbia
Andrea Mantegna
Antonello da Messina
Antoniazzo Romano
Antonio Pollaiuolo
Antonio Rossellino
Benozzo Gozzoli
Bertoldo di Giovanni
Carlo Crivelli
Cosimo Tura
Desiderio da Settignano
Domenico di Bartolo
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico Veneziano
Donatello
Ercole de' Roberti
Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Lippi
Fra Angelico
Francesco del Cossa
Francesco di Giorgio
Francesco Squarcione
Gentile Bellini
Gentile da Fabriano
Giovanni Bellini
Giovanni di Paolo
Jacopo Bellini
Justus of Ghent
Leonardo da Vinci
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Luca della Robbia
Luca Signorelli
Masaccio
Masolino
Melozzo da Forlì
Paolo Uccello
Pedro Berruguete
Piero della Francesca
Pietro Perugino
Sandro Botticelli
Il Sassetta
Vecchietta
Vittore Carpaccio
Vittore Crivelli

Also see the list of 27 prominent 15th century painters made contemporaneously by Giovanni Santi, Raphael Sanzio's father as part of a poem for the Duke of Urbino.

Translation

The word "Quattrocento" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Breton, Catalan, German, Spanish, Basque, French, Galician, Dutch, Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Slovak, Swedish.

Translation(s) in other languages: Croatian: Rana renesansa, Portuguese: Quatrocento, Russian: Кватроченто, Serbian: Рана ренесанса у Италији, Thai: ศิลปะของคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15 ในอิตาลี.