Oncorhynchus

Oncorhynchus is a genus of fish in the family Salmonidae; it contains the Pacific salmons and Pacific trouts. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek onkos ("hook") and rynchos ("nose"), in reference to the "kype" - the hooked jaw of males in mating season.

Range

Salmon and trout with ranges generally in waters draining to the Pacific Ocean are members of the genus. Their range extends from Beringia southwards, roughly to Japan in the west and Mexico to the east. In North America, some subspecies of O. clarki are native to the landlocked Great Basin, while others are native to the Rio Grande and western tributaries of the Mississippi River Basin which drain to the Gulf of Mexico, rather than to the Pacific.

Unlike many trout species of the mainly European genus Salmo, many Oncorhynchus are anadromous (migratory) and die after spawning. Some species of char (Salvelinus genus) are native to Pacific waters and are also referred to as trout.

Systematics

Oncorhynchus chrysogaster – Mexican golden trout
Oncorhynchus clarkii – Cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki alvordensis – Alvord cutthroat trout (extinct)
Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri – Yellowstone cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki behnkei – Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki clarki – Coastal cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki clarki f. crescentii – Lake Crescent cutthroat trout, Crescenti trout (sometimes O. c. crescentii)
Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi – Lahontan cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi – Westslope cutthroat trout, Black-spotted cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki macdonaldi – Yellowfin cutthroat trout (extinct)
Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus – Colorado River cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris – Paiute cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki stomias – Greenback cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki utah – Bonneville cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis – Rio Grande cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus gilae – Gila trout and Apache trout
Oncorhynchus gilae gilae – Gila trout
Oncorhynchus (gilae) apache – Apache trout, Arizona trout
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha – Pink salmon, Humpback salmon
Oncorhynchus keta – Chum salmon, Dog salmon, Keta salmon, Silverbrite salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch – Coho salmon, Silver salmon, "silvers"
Oncorhynchus masou – Seema, Cherry salmon, Japanese salmon, Masu salmon, "sema", "sima"
Oncorhynchus masou formosanum – Taiwanese salmon, Formosan salmon
Oncorhynchus masou ishikawai – Satsukimasu salmon, Red-spotted masu salmon, amago (formerly O. ishikawai, sometimes included in O. masou masou)
Oncorhynchus masou var. iwame – Iwame trout, Markless trout (formerly O. iwame)
Oncorhynchus masou masou – Yamame
Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus – Biwa trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss – Rainbow trout, Steelhead, Ocean trout, Redband trout
Oncorhynchus (mykiss) aguabonita – Golden trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii – Columbia River redband trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus – Coastal rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus f. beardsleei – Beardslee trout, "blueback" (sometimes O. m. beardsleei)
Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii – Great Basin redband trout
Oncorhynchus nerka – Sockeye salmon, Red salmon, Blueback salmon, Kokanee
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha – Chinook salmon, Blackmouth, Black salmon, Chub salmon, Columbia River salmon, Hookbill salmon, King salmon, Quinnat salmon, Spring salmon, Tyee salmon, Winter salmon

Oncorhynchus rastrosus, the Sabertooth salmon (sometimes called Smilodonichthys), was a 9-foot-(3 meter-)long species known from from Late Miocene to Pleistocene fossil.

Translation

The word "Oncorhynchus" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Catalan, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish.

Translation(s) in other languages: Dutch: Pacifische zalmen, Russian: Тихоокеанские лососи, Finnish: Tyynenmerenlohet, Swedish: Stillahavslaxar, Turkish: Pasifik somonu, Chinese: 太平洋鮭屬.