Jacinth

Jacinth is a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone. Jacinth is also a flower of a reddish blue or deep purple (hyacinth), and hence a precious stone of that colour (Revelation 21:20).

It has been supposed to designate the same stone as the ligure (Hebrew leshem) mentioned in Exodus 28:19 as the first stone of the third row in the high priest's breast-plate, the Hoshen. In Revelation 9:17 the word is simply descriptive of colour.

Use in literature

"Jacinths" are mentioned as decorating the city of Iram in Richard Francis Burton's translation of the Arabian Nights.

Alfred Tennyson used the word 'jacinth' in his epic Morte D'Arthur, describing the jewelled hilt of Excalibur:

"There drew he forth the brand Excalibur,
And o'er him, drawing it, the winter moon,
Brightening the skirts of a long cloud, ran forth
And sparkled keen with frost against the hilt:
For all the haft twinkled with diamond sparks,
Myriads of topaz-lights, and jacinth work
Of subtlest jewellery."

J.R.R. Tolkien used the word 'jacinth' to describe the deep-blue wall of space in his poem, The Happy Mariners:

"Past sunless lands to fairy leas
Where stars upon the jacinth wall of space
Do tangle burst and interlace"
Oscar Wilde's novel Dorian Gray, speaks of Edward II giving armorial vestments made with Jacinths to his adored lover Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall.

Jacinth is also mentioned in the apocryphal Book of Enoch, where in Enoch's first journey through earth and Sheol, he enounters a mountain like Jacinth in appearance: ''"And I proceeded and saw a place...where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones....
''"And as for those towards the east (one) was of coloured stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth,
''"and those towards the south of red stone." I Enoch XVIII: 6-7.

Two gold necklaces inlaid with jacinths and amethysts are given to Ganelon as a gift for his wife in The Song of Roland (stanza 50). And then there came the Queen, Bramimunde;
said to the Count: "Lord, I love you well,
for my lord and all his men esteem you so.
I wish to send your wife two necklaces,
they are all gold, jacinths, and amethysts,
they are worth more than all the wealth of Rome.
Your Emperor has never seen their like."
He has taken them, thrusts them into his boot. AOI.

Translation of "Jacinth"

Polish: Hiacynt (minerał), Russian: Гиацинт (минерал), Chinese: 红锆石.