Fastener
A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.
Fasteners can also be used to close a container such as a bag, a box, or an envelope; or they may involve keeping together the sides of an opening of flexible material, attaching a lid to a container, etc. There are also special purpose closing devices, e.g. a bread clip. Fasteners used in these manners are often temporary, in that they may be fastened and unfastened repeatedly.
Some types of woodworking joints make use of separate internal reinforcements, such as dowels or biscuits, which in a sense can be considered fasteners within the scope of the joint system, although on their own they are not general purpose fasteners.
Furniture supplied in flat-pack form often uses cam dowels locked by cam locks, also known as conformat fasteners.
Items like a rope, string, wire (e.g. metal wire, possibly coated with plastic, or multiple parallel wires kept together by a plastic strip coating), cable, chain, or plastic wrap may be used to mechanically join objects; but are not generally categorized as fasteners because they have additional common uses. Likewise, hinges and springs may join objects together, but are ordinarily not considered fasteners because their primary purpose is to allow articulation rather than rigid affixment.
Other alternative methods of joining materials include crimping, welding, soldering, brazing, taping, gluing, cementing, or the use of other adhesives. The use of force may also be used, such as with magnets, vacuum (like suction cups), or even friction.
Industry
In 2005, it is estimated that the United States fastener industry runs 350 manufacturing plants and employs 40,000. The industry is strongly tied to the production of automobiles, aircraft, appliances, agricultural machinery, commercial construction, and infrastructure. More than 200 billion fasteners are used per year in the U.S., with 26 billion by the automotive industry.
Fastener types
batten
bi-metallic fastener
bolt, screw, cap screw, stud
brass fastener
buckle
button
clamp (or cramp)
clasp
Bocklebee clasp
Cleko
clip
circlip
paper clip
clutch (pin fastener)
flange
frog
grommet
Masonry anchors
nail
peg
pin
clevis pin
clothes-pin
cotter pin
linchpin
R-clip
retaining ring
external circlip
internal circlip
e-ring
rivet
rubber band (or bands of other materials)
screw
screw anchor
snap
Self-drilling fasteners
Self-tapping fasteners
stitches
strap
staple
tack
tie
toggle
Velcro brand hook-and-loop strips
wedge anchor
zipper
Translation of "Fastener"
Czech: Spojovací materiál, Danish: Fastgøringsemne, French: Système de fixation, Russian: Метизы, Swedish: Förbandsteknik.
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