Farce

A farce is a comedy which aims to entertain the audience by means of unlikely, extravagant, and improbable situations, disguise and mistaken identity, verbal humour of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include sexual innuendo and word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases, culminating in an ending which often involves an elaborate chase scene. Farce is also characterized by physical humour, the use of deliberate absurdity or/of nonsense, and broadly stylized performances. Farces have been written for the stage and film.

Many farces move at a frantic pace toward the climax, in which the initial problem is resolved one way or another, often through a deus ex machina twist of the plot. Generally, there is a happy ending. The convention of poetic justice is not always observed: The protagonist may get away with what he or she has been trying to hide at all costs, even if it is a criminal act involving crazy costumes.

Farce in general is highly tolerant of transgressive behavior, and tends to depict human beings as vain, irrational, venal, infantile, and prone to automatic behavior. In that respect, farce is a natural companion of satire. Farce is, in fact, not merely a genre but a highly flexible dramatic mode that often occurs in combination with other forms, including romantic comedy. Farce is considered a theatre tradition.

As far as ridiculous, far-fetched situations, quick and witty repartee, and broad physical humor are concerned, farce is widely employed in TV sitcoms, in silent film comedy, and in screwball comedy. See also bedroom farce.

Japan has a centuries-old tradition of farce plays called Kyogen. These plays are performed as comic relief during the long, serious Noh plays.

Representative examples: A chronology

Britain

Anonymus: The Second Shepherds' Play (14th century)
Christopher Marlowe: The Jew of Malta (ca. 1589)
William Shakespeare: The Comedy of Errors (ca.1592)
Aphra Behn: The Rover (play) (1677)
Arthur Wing Pinero: The Magistrate (1885)
Brandon Thomas: Charley's Aunt (1892)
Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
Ben Travers: Thark (1927)
Noel Coward: Hay Fever (1925); Present Laughter (1939); Blithe Spirit (1941)
Philip King: See How They Run (1945) Big Bad Mouse (1957)
Joe Orton: Loot (1967) What the Butler Saw (1969)
Michael Pertwee: Don't Just Lie There, Say Something! (1971)
Anthony Marriott & Alistair Foot: No Sex Please, We're British (1975)
John Cleese: Fawlty Towers (1975)
John Chapman & Anthony Marriott: Shut Your Eyes and Think of England (1977)
Derek Benfield: Touch and Go (1982)
Michael Frayn: Noises Off (1982)
Nigel Williams: W.C.P.C. (1982)
Miles Tredinnick: Laugh? I Nearly Went To Miami! (1986)
Alan Ayckbourn: A Small Family Business (1987)
Miles Tredinnick: It’s Now Or Never! (1991)
Tom Kempinski: Sex Please, We're Italian! (1991)
Ray Cooney: Funny Money (1994)
Steven Moffat: Coupling (2001)

France

The Boy and the Blind Man, 13th century, oldest written French farce.
Molière: Tartuffe (1664)
Labiche: La Cagnotte (1864)and other plays.
Georges Feydeau: Le Dindon (1896) (aka Sauce for the Goose)
Octave Mirbeau : [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farces_et_moralit%C3%A9s Farces et moralités] (1904).
Georges Feydeau: A Flea in Her Ear (1907)
Marc Camoletti: Boeing Boeing (1960) and Pyjama pour Six (1985) (aka Don't Dress for Dinner) [http://www.theatresprives.com/francais/auteurs/biocamoletti.html]
Jean Poiret: La Cage aux Folles (1973)

Germany

Carl Laufs & Wilhelm Jacoby: Pension Schöller (1890)
Franz Arnold & Ernst Bach: Weekend im Paradies (1928) [http://www.felix-bloch-erben.de/play.php/nav/kata/iPlayId/1556/fbe/101]
Miles Tredinnick with Ursula Lyn and Adolf Opel: ...Und Morgen Fliegen Wir Nach Miami (1987)

Italy

Dario Fo: Morte accidentale di un anarchico also known as Accidental Death of an Anarchist was first played on December 5, 1970 in Varese, Italy

Russia

Nikolai Gogol The Government Inspector (also translated as The Inspector General)
Anton Chekhov A Marriage Proposal

Spain

Cervantes Saavedra's Don Quixote

United States

Good Neighbor Sam, starring Jack Lemmon
The Three Stooges
Stephen Sondheim: A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum (1962)
Neil Simon: Rumors (1988)

Translation

The word "Farce" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Danish, Interlingua.

Translation(s) in other languages: Bulgarian: Фарс, Catalan: Farsa, Czech: Fraška, Welsh: Ffars, German: Farce (Theater), Spanish: Farsa, French: Farce (théâtre), Galician: Farsa, Italian: Farsa (genere teatrale), Hebrew: פארסה, Georgian: ფარსი, Latvian: Farss, Dutch: Klucht, Japanese: 笑劇, Norwegian (Bokmål): Farse (teater), Polish: Farsa, Portuguese: Farsa, Romanian: Farsă, Russian: Фарс, Slovak: Fraška, Finnish: Farssi, Swedish: Fars, Ukrainian: Фарс, Chinese: 鬧劇.