Decapoda

The decapods or Decapoda (literally means "ten footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers.

Anatomy

As their name implies, all decapods have ten legs; these are five pairs of thoracic appendages on the last five thoracic segments. The front three pairs function as mouthparts and are generally referred to as maxillipeds, the remainder being pereiopods. In many decapods, however, one pair of legs has enlarged pincers; the claws are called chelae, so those legs may be called chelipeds. Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment capable of carrying a pair of biramous pleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan (together with the telson) and are called uropods.

Classification

Classification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop, giving rise to two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Dendrobranchiata consists of prawns, including many species colloquially referred to as "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp. Pleocyemata includes the remaining groups, including true shrimp.

The following classification to the level of superfamilies follows Martin and Davis , with some changes based on more recent morphological and molecular studies .

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 Suborder Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888—prawns
Superfamily Penaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Superfamily Sergestoidea Dana, 1852
Suborder Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Infraorder Stenopodidea Claus, 1872
Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852—true shrimp
Superfamily Procaridoidea Chace & Manning, 1972
Superfamily Galatheacaridoidea Vereshchaka, 1997
Superfamily Pasiphaeoidea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Oplophoroidea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Atyoidea de Haan, 1849
Superfamily Bresilioidea Calman, 1896
Superfamily Nematocarcinoidea Smith, 1884
Superfamily Psalidopodoidea Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1892
Superfamily Stylodactyloidea Bate, 1888
Superfamily Campylonotoidea Sollaud, 1913
Superfamily Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Superfamily Alpheoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Superfamily Processoidea Ortmann, 1890
Superfamily Pandaloidea Haworth, 1825
Superfamily Crangonoidea Haworth, 1825
Infraorder Eryonoidea de Haan, 1841
Infraorder Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995
Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802—lobsters and crayfish
Superfamily Enoplometopoidea de Saint Laurent, 1988
Superfamily Glypheoidea Winkler, 1883
Superfamily Nephropoidea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Astacoidea Latreille, 1802
Superfamily Parastacoidea Huxley, 1879
Infraorder Thalassinidea Latreille, 1831
Superfamily Thalassinoidea Latreille, 1831
Superfamily Callianassoidea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Axioidea Huxley, 1879
Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Lomisoidea Bouvier, 1895
Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819—squat lobsters
Superfamily Hippoidea Latreille, 1825
Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802—hermit crabs
Infraorder Brachyura Linnaeus, 1758—crabs
Section Podotremata Guinot, 1977
Superfamily Cyclodorippoidea Ortmann, 1892
Superfamily Homolodromioidea Alcock, 1900
Superfamily Dromioidea de Haan, 1833
Superfamily Homoloidea de Haan, 1839
Superfamily Raninoidea de Haan, 1839
Section Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980
Superfamily Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Calappoidea Milne Edwards, 1837
Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819
Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
Superfamily Aethroidea Dana, 1851
Superfamily Hymenosomatoidea MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Parthenopoidea MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Retroplumoidea Gill, 1894
Superfamily Cancroidea Latreille, 1802
Superfamily Corystoidea Samouelle, 1819
Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Superfamily Bythograeoidea Williams, 1980
Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838
Superfamily Bellioidea Dana, 1852
Superfamily Potamoidea Ortmann, 1896
Superfamily Pseudothelphusoidea Ortmann, 1893
Superfamily Gecarcinucoidea Rathbun, 1904
Superfamily Cryptochiroidea Paulson, 1875
Superfamily Pinnotheroidea de Haan, 1833
Superfamily Ocypodoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Superfamily Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838

Translation

The word "Decapoda" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Breton, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese.

Translation(s) in other languages: Arabic: عشر قدميات, Min Nan: Cha̍p-kha-ba̍k, Catalan: Decàpode, Danish: Tibenede krebsdyr, German: Zehnfußkrebse, Estonian: Kümnejalalised, Persian: ده‌پایان, Korean: 십각목, Hebrew: מעשירי רגל, Georgian: ათფეხა კიბოები, Latvian: Desmitkājvēži, Lithuanian: Dešimtkojai vėžiai, Hungarian: Tízlábú rákok, Dutch: Tienpotigen, Japanese: 十脚目, Norwegian (Bokmål): Tifotkreps, Norwegian (Nynorsk): Tifotkreps, Polish: Dziesięcionogi, Russian: Десятиногие ракообразные, Simple English: Decapod, Slovenian: Deseteronožci, Finnish: Kymmenjalkaiset, Swedish: Tiofotade kräftdjur, Tongan: Veʻehongofulu, Urdu: دسپا, Vietnamese: Giáp xác mười chân, Chinese: 十足目.