Darius Milhaud

Darius Milhaud (French pronunciation: [darjys mijo]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six - also known as the Groupe des Six - and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are particularly noted as being influenced by jazz and for their use of polytonality (music in more than one key at once).

Biography

Born in Marseilles to a Jewish family from Aix-en-Provence, Milhaud studied in Paris at the Paris Conservatory where he met his fellow group members Arthur Honegger and Germaine Tailleferre. He studied composition under Charles Widor and harmony and counterpoint with André Gédalge. In addition he studied privately with Vincent d'Indy. As a young man he worked for a while in the diplomatic entourage of Paul Claudel, the eminent poet and dramatist, who was serving as ambassador to Brazil.

On a trip to the United States in 1922, Darius Milhaud heard "authentic" jazz for the first time, on the streets of Harlem,

which left a great impact on his musical outlook. Using some jazz movements, the following year, he finished composing "La création du monde" ("The Creation of the World"), which was cast as a ballet in six continuous dance scenes.

He left France in 1939 and emigrated to America in 1940 (his Jewish background made it impossible for him to return to his native country until after the Liberation); he secured a teaching post at Mills College in Oakland, California. Legendary jazz pianist Dave Brubeck arguably became Milhaud's most famous student when Brubeck furthered his music studies at Mills College in the late 1940s (he named his eldest son Darius). However, his former students also include two of the seminal figures in America's version of minimalism, Philip Glass and Steve Reich, several arrangers and composers associated with West Coast modern jazz, and popular songwriter Burt Bacharach, whom Milhaud famously told never to apologize for writing a pretty melody.

Milhaud (like his contemporaries Paul Hindemith, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Bohuslav Martinů and Heitor Villa-Lobos) was an extremely rapid creator, for whom the art of writing music seemed almost as natural as breathing. His most popular works include Le Boeuf sur le Toit (ballet), La création du monde (a ballet for small orchestra with solo saxophone, influenced by jazz), Scaramouche (for Saxophone and Piano, also for two pianos), and Saudades do Brasil (dance suite). His autobiography is titled Notes Sans Musique (Notes Without Music), later revised as Ma Vie Heureuse (My Happy Life).

From 1947 to 1971 he taught alternate years at Mills and the Paris Conservatoire, until poor health, which caused him to use a wheelchair during his later years (beginning sometime before 1947), compelled him to retire. He died in Geneva, aged 81.

Works

Darius Milhaud was very prolific and composed for a wide range of genres. His opus list ended at 443. See List of compositions by Darius Milhaud.

Notable students

Larry Austin
Burt Bacharach
Louis W. Ballard
Irwin Bazelon
Robert Beadell
William Bolcom
Dave Brubeck
Edvard Hagerup Bull
Roger Calmel
Charles Dodge
Pierre Max Dubois
Don Freund
Philip Glass (During a summer camp where he challenged Aaron Copland's opinion)
Benjamín Gutiérrez Sáenz[http://web.archive.org/web/20071103114904/http://www.benjamin-gutierrez-saenz.inspiriart.com/WELCOME.html]
John Heiss
Stanley Hollingsworth
Ben Johnston
Betsy Jolas
György Kurtág
Eugene Kurtz
Vincent McDermott
David Noon
Zenobia Powell Perry
Steve Reich
John Donald Robb
Neil Rolnick
Pete Rugolo
Bill Smith
Karlheinz Stockhausen (though he left his studies early)
Morton Subotnick
Gloria Wilson Swisher
Lester Trimble
Robert Washburn
Iannis Xenakis

Translation

The phrase "Darius Milhaud" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Breton, Catalan, Czech, Danish, German, Estonian, Spanish, French, Italian, Latin, Dutch, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Polish, Portuguese, Simple English, Finnish, Swedish.

Translation(s) in other languages: Bulgarian: Дариус Мийо, Persian: داریوس میو, Korean: 다리우스 미요, Hebrew: דריוס מיו, Japanese: ダリウス・ミヨー, Russian: Мийо, Дариюс, Ukrainian: Даріус Мійо, Chinese: 达律斯·米约.