Calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, slack lime, or pickling lime, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It is a colourless crystal or white powder, and is obtained when calcium oxide (called lime or quicklime) is mixed, or "slaked" with water. It can also be precipitated by mixing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The name of the natural, mineral form is portlandite. It is a relatively rare mineral, known from some volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. It has also been known to arise in burning coal dumps.

When heated to 512 °C, the partial pressure of water in equilibrium with calcium hydroxide reaches 101 kPa and decomposes into calcium oxide and water.

A suspension of fine calcium hydroxide particles in water is called milk of lime. The solution is called lime water and is a medium strength base that reacts violently with acids and attacks many metals in presence of water. It turns milky if carbon dioxide is passed through, due to precipitation of calcium carbonate.

Uses

Because of its weak basic properties, calcium hydroxide has many and varied uses: A flocculant, in water and sewage treatment and improvement of acid soils
An ingredient in whitewash, mortar, and plaster
An alkali used as a lye substitute in no-lye hair relaxers
A chemical depilatory agent found in Nair
A calcium supplement in mineral fortified baby formulas
A chemical reagent
In Bordeaux mixture to neutralise the solution and form a long lasting fungicide
In the reef aquarium hobby for adding bio-available calcium in solution for calcium-using animals such as algae, snails, hard tube worms, and corals (often referred to as Kalkwasser mix), and also to increase the alkalinity of the water
In the tanning industry for neutralization of acid, the liming of hides and skins and the flocculation of wastewater
In the petroleum refining industry for the manufacture of additives to oils (salicatic, sulphatic, fenatic)
In the chemical industry for manufacture of calcium stearate
In the food industry for processing water (for alcoholic and soft drinks)
Used in the separation of sugar from sugar cane in the sugar industry
Used in the processing of Norwegian lutefisk. Dried cod fish is soaked in a mixture of slaked lime and soda to produce a soft-fleshed fish fillet that is steamed or baked and served with potato lefse
For clearing a brine of carbonates of calcium and magnesium in the manufacture of salt for food and pharmacopoeia
In Native American and Latin American cooking, calcium hydroxide is called "cal". Corn cooked with cal becomes nixtamal which significantly increases its nutrition value, and is also considered tastier and easier to digest.
In chewing betel nut or coca leaves, calcium hydroxide is usually chewed alongside to keep the alkaloid stimulants chemically available for absorption by the body.
Similarly, Native Americans traditionally chewed tobacco leaves with calcium hydroxide derived from burnt shells to enhance the effects.
A filler
In the petrochemical industry for manufacturing solid oil of various marks
In the manufacture of brake pads
In the manufacture of ebonite
For preparation of dry mixes for painting and decorating
In manufacturing mixes for pesticides
In manufacturing the trademarked compound "Polikar", an antifungal and antimicrobial preservative for vegetables in storage
In dentistry, it is used as dressing in paste form used for anti-microbial effect during a dental root canal procedure. Calcium hydroxide is known to have a strong anti-microbial effect and is a bone-regeneration stimulant.
It has been proposed to add it to sea water in great quantities to reduce atmospheric CO₂ and fight the greenhouse effect[http://www.physorg.com/news135820173.html].
In the production of metals, lime is injected into the waste gas stream to neutralise acids such as fluorides and chlorides prior to being released to atmosphere.
Used in relaxers for permanently straightening very curly hair.

Health risks

As with many chemicals, exposure may pose health risks: Inhalation: Respiratory tract irritation. Coughing, shortness of breath, chemical bronchitis.
Ingestion: Internal bleeding, possible perforation of esophagus, severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse.
Eyes: severe irritation, pain, ulceration, blindness.
Skin: burns, blistering.
Chronic Exposure: dermatitis or severe irritation to skin.

Translation of "Calcium hydroxide"

Arabic: هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم, Bulgarian: Калциев дихидроксид, Catalan: Hidròxid de calci, Czech: Hydroxid vápenatý, Danish: Læsket kalk, German: Calciumhydroxid, Estonian: Kaltsiumhüdroksiid, Spanish: Hidróxido de calcio, Esperanto: Kalcia hidroksido, Persian: کلسیم هیدروکسید, French: Hydroxyde de calcium, Galician: Hidróxido de calcio, Korean: 수산화 칼슘, Indonesian: Kalsium hidroksida, Italian: Idrossido di calcio, Latvian: Kalcija hidroksīds, Lithuanian: Kalcio hidroksidas, Hungarian: Kalcium-hidroxid, Malay: Kalsium hidroksida, Dutch: Calciumhydroxide, Japanese: 水酸化カルシウム, Norwegian (Bokmål): Kalsiumhydroksid, Polish: Wodorotlenek wapnia, Portuguese: Hidróxido de cálcio, Romanian: Hidroxid de calciu, Russian: Гидроксид кальция, Slovak: Hydroxid vápenatý, Finnish: Kalsiumhydroksidi, Swedish: Kalciumhydroxid, Turkish: Kalsiyum hidroksit, Ukrainian: Гідроксид кальцію, Vietnamese: Hyđroxyt canxi, Chinese: 氢氧化钙.