Balsamorhiza

Balsamorhiza is a genus of plants in the sunflower family known commonly as balsamroots. These are perennials with fleshy taproots and caudices bearing erect stems and large, basal leaves. Atop the tall stems are showy yellow sunflower-like blooms. Balsamroots are native to western North America. There are about twelve species plus many common hybrids.

Uses

Native Americans used the sticky sap of this plant as a topical antiseptic for minor wounds. The large taproots produced by Balsamorhiza sagittata are edible and were harvested, dried, and ground into a starchy flour by Native Americans when other food plants were scarce. The entire plant is edible and nutritious, but not necessarily enjoyable because it contains a bitter, strongly pine-scented sap. The plants large taproots are reported to be very palatable and far less bitter than the above ground parts of the plant.

The plant grows on dry hillsides and dry open meadows throughout the Mountain West of North America. The plant can be easily confused with species belonging to the genus Wyethia (Mule's ears) and Wyethia and Balsamorhiza tend to have very similar appearance and flowering habits. Wyethia species are easily distinguised from Balsamorhiza due to their very sharply lanced leaves which lack the fuzzy silver gray appearance of Balsamorhiza species. Balsamorhiza sagittata is the most common and widespread species in the genus within the Mountain West of North America.

Species

Balsamorhiza careyana - Carey's balsamroot
Balsamorhiza deltoidea - deltoid balsamroot
Balsamorhiza hookeri - Hooker's balsamroot
Balsamorhiza incana - hoary balsamroot
Balsamorhiza lanata - lanate balsamroot
Balsamorhiza macrolepis - California balsamroot
Balsamorhiza macrophylla - cutleaf balsamroot
Balsamorhiza rosea - rosy balsamroot
Balsamorhiza sagittata - arrowleaf balsamroot
Balsamorhiza sericea - silky balsamroot
Balsamorhiza serrata - serrate balsamroot

Translation

The word "Balsamorhiza" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese.