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B
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil
Synonyms:
[]; bacillus
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
eubacteria; eubacterium; true bacteria (a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "B"):
anthrax bacillus; Bacillus anthracis (a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits and mice and guinea pigs); can be used a bioweapon)
Bacillus globigii; Bacillus subtilis; grass bacillus; hay bacillus (a species of bacillus found in soil and decomposing organic matter; some strains produce antibiotics)
Yersinia pestis (a bacillus bacterium that causes the plague; aerosolized bacteria can be used as a bioweapon)
Holonyms ("B" is a member of...):
genus Bacillus (type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites)
Sense 2
Meaning:
The blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen
Synonyms:
[]; group B; type B
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
blood group; blood type (human blood cells (usually just the red blood cells) that have the same antigens)
Sense 3
Meaning:
The 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet
Classified under:
Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
alphabetic character; letter; letter of the alphabet (the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech)
Holonyms ("B" is a member of...):
Latin alphabet; Roman alphabet (the alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe)
Sense 4
Meaning:
(physics) a unit of nuclear cross section; the effective circular area that one particle presents to another as a target for an encounter
Synonyms:
b; barn
Classified under:
Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
Hypernyms ("b" is a kind of...):
area unit; square measure (a system of units used to measure areas)
Domain category:
atomic physics; nuclear physics; nucleonics (the branch of physics that studies the internal structure of atomic nuclei)
Sense 5
Meaning:
A logarithmic unit of sound intensity equal to 10 decibels
Synonyms:
[]; Bel
Classified under:
Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
sound unit (any acoustic unit of measurement)
Sense 6
Meaning:
A trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder
Synonyms:
atomic number 5; []; boron
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
chemical element; element (any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter)
Holonyms ("B" is a substance of...):
borax (an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent)
kernite (a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron)
Sense 7
Meaning:
Originally thought to be a single vitamin but now separated into several B vitamins
Synonyms:
[]; B-complex vitamin; B complex; B vitamin; vitamin B; vitamin B complex
Classified under:
Nouns denoting substances
Hypernyms ("B" is a kind of...):
water-soluble vitamin (any vitamin that is soluble in water)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "B"):
biotin; vitamin H (a B vitamin that aids in body growth)
niacin; nicotinic acid (a B vitamin essential for the normal function of the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract)
folacin; folate; folic acid; pteroylglutamic acid; pteroylmonoglutamic acid; vitamin Bc; vitamin M (a B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and reproduction)
adermin; pyridoxal; pyridoxamine; pyridoxine; vitamin B6 (a B vitamin that is essential for metabolism of amino acids and starch)
hepatoflavin; lactoflavin; ovoflavin; riboflavin; vitamin B2; vitamin G (a B vitamin that prevents skin lesions and weight loss)
antipernicious anemia factor; cobalamin; cyanocobalamin; vitamin B12 (a B vitamin that is used to treat pernicious anemia)
aneurin; antiberiberi factor; thiamin; thiamine; vitamin B1 (a B vitamin that prevents beriberi; maintains appetite and growth)
pantothen; pantothenic acid (a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids; occurs in many foods)
inositol (an optically inactive alcohol that is a component of the vitamin B complex)
choline (a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat)
Context examples:
These clouds provide the team with insight into how Kepler-51 b and 51 d stack up against other low-mass, gas-rich planets outside of our solar system.
('Cotton Candy' Planet Mysteries Unravel in New Hubble Observations, NASA)
The A strain mouse has an albino coat (genotype a,b,c) and is susceptible to carcinogen-induced lung adenomas and cleft palate formation in response to cortisone.
(A/J Mouse, NCI Thesaurus)
Professor Ulf Büntgen from Cambridge’s Department of Geography, the study’s lead author, uses the information contained in tree rings to study past climate conditions.
(Amount of carbon stored in forests reduced as climate warms, University of Cambridge)
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B (251 aa, ~29 kDa) is encoded by the human ANP32B gene.
(Acidic Leucine-Rich Nuclear Phosphoprotein 32 Family Member B, NCI Thesaurus)
Aclacinomycin B intercalates into DNA and inhibits both the topoisomerase I and II enzymes, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately, interfering with RNA and protein synthesis.
(Aclacinomycin B, NCI Thesaurus)
Bioreduced mitomycin B generates oxygen radicals, alkylates DNA, and produces interstrand DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis.
(Mitomycin B, NCI Thesaurus)
The human MIR92A2 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of Xq26.2 and is approximately 74 b in length.
(MIR92A2 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Michellamine B inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and HIV-induced cellular fusion and syncytium formation, thereby inhibiting viral propagation.
(Michellamine B, NCI Thesaurus)
It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of spindle A melanoma cells, spindle B melanoma cells, and epithelioid melanoma cells.
(Mixed Cell Uveal Melanoma, NCI Thesaurus)
A murine monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, a cross-membrane ion channel phosphoprotein expressed by B cells, with potential antineoplastic activity.
(Monoclonal Antibody 1F5, NCI Thesaurus)
