Actinomyces

Actinomyces is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. They are all Gram-positive and can be either anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic . Actinomyces species do not form endospores, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, morphologically Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae.

Actinomyces are known for causing disease in humans, and for the important role they play in soil ecology. They produce a number of enzymes that help degrade organic plant material, lignin and chitin. As such, their presence is important in the formation of compost.

Many Actinomyces species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the oral cavity. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by the formation of abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract.

Some species are responsible for the smell of topsoil, which is often particularly noticeable after rain. The main chemical responsible from this smell is geosmin.

Actinomyces, a thermophilic bacteria, is usually the causative agent of farmer's lung, and bagassosis.

Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by Actinomyces israelii.

Translation

The word "Actinomyces" occurs as such in the following languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Russian.